What is the major problem at the cellular level in cystic fibrosis?
Mucous obstruction
Electrolyte and water transport
Infection
Pancreatitis
The Correct Answer is B
A. Mucous obstruction is a secondary effect of cystic fibrosis, but it is not the primary cellular issue. The root cause lies in the dysfunction of chloride transport, which leads to thick, sticky mucus that obstructs various organs.
B. The primary problem in cystic fibrosis is a defect in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) protein, which disrupts electrolyte and water transport across cell membranes. This causes thickened mucus and affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, and intestines.
C. Infection is a common complication in cystic fibrosis due to the buildup of thick mucus, which can trap bacteria, but it is a consequence rather than the primary issue.
D. Pancreatitis is a potential complication of cystic fibrosis due to the blockage of pancreatic ducts, but it is not the major cellular issue.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Metabolic acidosis occurs when there is a deficit of bicarbonate (HCO3) in the blood, leading to a decrease in pH (below 7.35). A pH of 7.23 indicates acidosis, and the deficit of HCO3 supports a diagnosis of metabolic acidosis.
B. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, which lowers pH. It is not associated with a bicarbonate deficit.
C. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by an excess of bicarbonate or a loss of acid, leading to an elevated pH. It is the opposite of metabolic acidosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by excessive exhalation of CO2, leading to an increase in pH, not a deficit of bicarbonate.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. While inflammation plays a role in restoring functional cells, it is not the ultimate goal. The primary purpose of inflammation is to prepare the site for healing, which includes clearing out damaged cells and pathogens.
B. Inflammation is a vital process that helps prepare the site for healing by facilitating the removal of dead tissue and pathogens, allowing for tissue repair. It also promotes the formation of new tissue.
C. Platelet aggregation and clotting are part of the inflammatory process, but the ultimate goal of inflammation is not to increase platelets but to prepare the site for repair and healing.
D. Inflammatory mediators typically cause vasodilation to increase blood flow to the affected area, not vasoconstriction. This helps deliver nutrients, oxygen, and immune cells to the site of injury.
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