We know that neurotransmitters transmit signals across the synapse and activate the receptors of the postsynaptic cell and include small-molecule and neuroactive peptides. All of the following are neurotransmitters except:
GABA - gamma-aminobutyric acid
Norepinephrine and epinephrine
Dopamine
Dobutamine
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter, regulating neural activity. Unlike dobutamine, a synthetic drug, GABA naturally transmits signals across synapses, so this is incorrect as the non-neurotransmitter.
Choice B reason: Norepinephrine and epinephrine are catecholamine neurotransmitters, critical for autonomic and central nervous system signaling. Dobutamine is not a neurotransmitter, so this is incorrect.
Choice C reason: Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in reward, movement, and mood. Dobutamine, a cardiac medication, does not function as a neurotransmitter, so this is incorrect.
Choice D reason: Dobutamine is a synthetic beta-agonist for heart failure, not a neurotransmitter. GABA, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine transmit neural signals, making dobutamine the correct exception.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Increased glucose use doesn’t occur in DKA; insulin deficiency reduces glucose uptake. Fluid shifts are due to osmotic diuresis, not intravascular to intracellular movement, so this is incorrect for DKA’s mechanism.
Choice B reason: DKA involves metabolic, not respiratory, acidosis from ketones. Protein catabolism occurs, but fatty acid use and ketogenesis are primary, leading to acidosis and diuresis, so this is incorrect.
Choice C reason: Increased glucose and fatty acids contribute, but the mechanism is decreased glucose use causing ketogenesis. This option omits ketogenesis, a key DKA feature, so it’s less precise and incorrect.
Choice D reason: Insulin deficiency in DKA reduces glucose use, leading to fatty acid breakdown, ketogenesis, metabolic acidosis (pH 7.2), and osmotic diuresis (electrolyte loss). This fully explains the lab values, making it correct.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Absence seizures involve brief staring spells, not continuous tonic-clonic movements. The patient’s prolonged, unresponsive seizure activity indicates status epilepticus, so this is incorrect for the seizure type.
Choice B reason: Status epilepticus is continuous or recurrent seizures lasting over 5 minutes, often tonic-clonic, with unresponsiveness, tachycardia, and hypertension. This matches the patient’s presentation, making it the correct type.
Choice C reason: Myoclonic seizures cause brief muscle jerks, not prolonged tonic-clonic activity. Status epilepticus describes the continuous seizure state, so this is incorrect for the observed seizure.
Choice D reason: Tonic-clonic seizure is a single event, but continuous activity suggests status epilepticus. The prolonged duration and unresponsiveness point to status, so this is incorrect.
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