We know that neurotransmitters transmit signals across the synapse and activate the receptors of the postsynaptic cell and include small-molecule and neuroactive peptides. All of the following are neurotransmitters except:
GABA - gamma-aminobutyric acid
Norepinephrine and epinephrine
Dopamine
Dobutamine
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter, regulating neural activity. Unlike dobutamine, a synthetic drug, GABA naturally transmits signals across synapses, so this is incorrect as the non-neurotransmitter.
Choice B reason: Norepinephrine and epinephrine are catecholamine neurotransmitters, critical for autonomic and central nervous system signaling. Dobutamine is not a neurotransmitter, so this is incorrect.
Choice C reason: Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in reward, movement, and mood. Dobutamine, a cardiac medication, does not function as a neurotransmitter, so this is incorrect.
Choice D reason: Dobutamine is a synthetic beta-agonist for heart failure, not a neurotransmitter. GABA, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine transmit neural signals, making dobutamine the correct exception.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Pulmonary emboli are a priority in ARDS, as they can cause or worsen hypoxemia and lung injury. Emboli block pulmonary arteries, leading to ventilation-perfusion mismatch, a common ARDS trigger, making this the correct condition to assess first.
Choice B reason: Pneumonia may contribute to ARDS but is less urgent than pulmonary emboli, which can rapidly cause life-threatening hypoxia. Emboli are a more immediate concern in ARDS, so this is incorrect.
Choice C reason: Acute pulmonary edema is linked to heart failure, not a primary ARDS cause. Pulmonary emboli directly trigger ARDS’s acute lung injury, making this less critical and incorrect for priority assessment.
Choice D reason: Heart failure may cause pulmonary edema but isn’t a primary ARDS trigger. Pulmonary emboli are a more urgent cause of ARDS-related hypoxia, so this is incorrect.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Infarction is permanent tissue death from prolonged blood loss, not temporary deprivation. Ischemia describes reversible reduced blood supply, matching the question, so this is incorrect.
Choice B reason: Ischemia is the temporary deprivation of blood supply to cells, causing reduced oxygen delivery but potentially reversible damage. This fits the description, making it the correct term.
Choice C reason: Necrosis is irreversible cell death, not temporary blood supply loss. Ischemia is the term for reversible deprivation, so this is incorrect for the described condition.
Choice D reason: Inflammation is a response to injury, not blood supply deprivation. Ischemia specifically refers to temporary reduced blood flow, so this is incorrect for the term.
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