We know that neurotransmitters transmit signals across the synapse and activate the receptors of the postsynaptic cell and include small-molecule and neuroactive peptides. All of the following are neurotransmitters except:

Choice A reason: Antibiotics treat bacterial infections, but inspiratory stridor, cough, and tachypnea suggest acute airway obstruction, like croup or bronchospasm. Antibiotics are not immediate for these symptoms, as they address infection, not airway narrowing, making this a lower-priority treatment.

Choice B reason: Sputum culture identifies pathogens but is not urgent for inspiratory stridor, which indicates airway compromise needing immediate relief. Cultures guide long-term therapy, not acute management, making this an incorrect priority for the patient’s presentation.

Choice C reason: Inhaled bronchodilators, like albuterol, are the priority for inspiratory stridor, nonproductive cough, and tachypnea, as they relax airway smooth muscles, relieving bronchospasm or narrowing. This addresses acute airway obstruction, common in conditions like asthma or croup, making it the correct treatment.

Choice D reason: History of illness exposure informs diagnosis but delays treatment for acute airway symptoms. Inspiratory stridor requires immediate intervention to ensure airway patency, making history-taking secondary to addressing the urgent respiratory distress, thus an incorrect priority.

Choice A reason: The initial stage of Alzheimer’s involves subtle short-term memory loss, mild personality changes, and forgetting details. This accurately describes early disease progression, aligning with clinical staging, making it a correct choice for Alzheimer’s stages.

Choice B reason: The moderate stage includes impaired higher cortical functions (language, spatial skills), not “no change.” This incorrect description of cognitive decline makes it an inaccurate choice for Alzheimer’s moderate stage characteristics.

Choice C reason: The moderate stage involves global cognitive impairment, including language and spatial deficits, disorientation, and inability to perform daily activities. This accurate description of moderate Alzheimer’s makes it a correct choice for the disease’s stages.

Choice D reason: The severe stage of Alzheimer’s includes loss of environmental response, requiring total care and often bedridden status. This reflects advanced disease progression, making it a correct selection for Alzheimer’s stages.

Choice E reason: Initial Alzheimer’s affects short-term, not long-term, memory. Long-term memory loss occurs later, so this inaccurate description of the initial stage makes it incorrect for Alzheimer’s early manifestations.

Choice F reason: The severe stage involves complete, not slight, loss of environmental response. This underestimation of severe Alzheimer’s dependency and disability makes it incorrect for the disease’s advanced stage.