(Select all that apply):. A nurse is assisting a patient with implementing good sleep hygiene practices. Which of the following actions would the nurse recommend to the patient? Select all that apply.

Choice A rationale:

Genetic factors. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) does have a genetic component, but it's not a major contributing factor on its own. While there might be a family history, it's not a primary cause of RLS.

Choice B rationale:

Iron deficiency anemia. This is a correct choice. Iron deficiency is strongly associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS). Iron is crucial for dopamine production and function, and dopamine dysregulation is thought to play a role in RLS. Treatment of iron deficiency can often alleviate RLS symptoms.

Choice C rationale:

Excessive caffeine consumption. This is a correct choice. Caffeine is a stimulant that can worsen symptoms of RLS. It can exacerbate the restlessness and discomfort in the legs that are characteristic of the disorder.

Choice D rationale:

Pregnancy. Pregnancy can trigger or worsen RLS symptoms, but it is not a primary cause of RLS. The hormonal changes and increased blood volume during pregnancy can lead to RLS symptoms, but these symptoms typically resolve after pregnancy.

Choice E rationale:

Chronic stress. Chronic stress can worsen RLS symptoms, but it is not a direct cause. Stress can exacerbate the discomfort and restlessness in the legs, making the symptoms more pronounced.

Choice A rationale:

Increased appetite is not a common symptom associated with sleep and wakefulness disorders. While sleep disturbances can affect appetite regulation, leading to weight gain or loss, increased appetite itself is not a direct symptom of these disorders.

Choice B rationale:

Excessive daytime sleepiness is a hallmark symptom of sleep and wakefulness disorders such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and insufficient sleep syndrome. It is characterized by an overwhelming urge to sleep during the daytime, often resulting in unintentional napping or falling asleep in inappropriate situations.

Choice C rationale:

Heightened sense of smell is not typically associated with sleep and wakefulness disorders. This sensory alteration is not directly linked to sleep disruptions or disorders. It is important to focus on symptoms that are more directly related to sleep patterns.

Choice D rationale:

Snoring during sleep is a common symptom of sleep-disordered breathing, particularly obstructive sleep apnea. Snoring can be caused by the partial obstruction of the upper airway during sleep, leading to noisy and disrupted breathing patterns. It is important to assess snoring as it can indicate underlying sleep-related breathing issues.

Choice E rationale:

Enhanced physical strength is not a common symptom of sleep and wakefulness disorders. Sleep disturbances are more likely to result in fatigue and decreased physical performance due to disrupted sleep patterns, rather than enhanced strength.