Select all that apply: Which of the following are examples of Secondary Evidence?
Systematic Reviews
Practice Guidelines
Meta-Analysis
Quantitative
Qualitative
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Choice A reason: Systematic Reviews are a form of secondary evidence as they compile and synthesize findings from multiple studies to provide an overview of the literature on a particular topic.
Choice B reason: Practice Guidelines are also considered secondary evidence because they are developed based on a review of existing primary studies and provide recommendations for clinical practice.
Choice C reason: Meta-Analysis is a statistical approach to combine the results of multiple studies. It is a type of secondary evidence that provides a high level of evidence by aggregating data.
Choice D reason: Quantitative research is a primary evidence source as it involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to understand phenomena.
Choice E reason: Qualitative research is another primary evidence source that involves non-numerical data to explore concepts and experiences in depth.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Societal ethics refer to the values and standards that a society upholds. While important, they are broader and not specific to an individual organization's mission and policies.
Choice B reason: Organizational ethics are specific to a company or institution and include the mission, values, policies, and procedures that guide the behavior of its members. These are established to ensure that the organization operates in a manner consistent with its goals and legal and social responsibilities.
Choice C reason: Personal ethics are the principles that an individual holds about what is right and wrong. These are personal beliefs and may not necessarily align with an organization's policies and procedures.
Choice D reason: Professional ethics are the standards and practices that members of a profession are expected to follow. These can overlap with organizational ethics but are specific to professional conduct within a field.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Diabetes in a genetically predisposed group is not entirely avoidable due to the genetic risk factors involved. Therefore, labeling it as 'avoidable' is not accurate. Additionally, health disparities are generally considered unacceptable, as they represent inequalities that need to be addressed.
Choice B reason:
While lifestyle changes can help manage diabetes, the genetic predisposition cannot be avoided, making this choice inaccurate. Moreover, health disparities, especially those based on genetics, are not acceptable as they often lead to unequal health outcomes.
Choice C reason:
Genetic predisposition to diabetes is an unavoidable factor; individuals cannot change their genetic makeup. Such health disparities are considered unacceptable because they can lead to inequitable health outcomes and access to care.
Choice D reason:
This choice is incorrect because, although genetic predisposition is unavoidable, the resulting health disparity is not acceptable. Efforts should be made to provide equitable care and support to those with genetic risks for diabetes.
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