Sodium and water balance is regulated by which of the following physiological factors?
Buffering mechanism of kidneys and sodium bicarbonate
Aldosterone and renin excretion
Production of glucocorticoids and reabsorption of glucose
Intestinal absorption and retention of water
The Correct Answer is B
a. Buffering mechanism of kidneys and sodium bicarbonate: The buffering mechanism and sodium bicarbonate are involved in pH regulation, not directly in sodium and water balance.
b. Aldosterone and renin excretion: Correct. Aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, and renin, an enzyme secreted by the kidneys, play crucial roles in regulating sodium and water balance.
c. Production of glucocorticoids and reabsorption of glucose: Glucocorticoids are involved in stress responses and metabolism, while glucose reabsorption relates to energy balance, not specifically sodium and water balance.
d. Intestinal absorption and retention of water: While intestinal absorption is important for overall fluid balance, it is not the primary regulatory mechanism for sodium and water balance in the body, which is primarily controlled by renal and endocrine factors.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
a: Testes - The testes are located outside the body cavity within the scrotum and are responsible for producing sperm and testosterone.
b. Prostate: The prostate gland is a male reproductive organ located at the neck of the bladder and surrounds the urethra. It plays a role in the production of seminal fluid, which nourishes and transports sperm.
c: Rugae - Rugae are folds in the mucous membrane lining the urinary bladder that allow it to stretch as it fills with urine; they do not surround the urethra.
d: Bulbourethral - The bulbourethral glands (Cowper's glands) are pea-sized glands located below the prostate gland that secrete a clear fluid into the urethra during sexual arousal, but they do not surround the urethra at the neck of the bladder.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
a. Trachea: The trachea is the windpipe, a tube that carries air from the larynx to the bronchi in the lungs. It does not contain vocal cords.
b. Pharynx: The pharynx is a muscular passageway at the back of the throat that connects the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx. It does not contain vocal cords.
c. Larynx: The larynx, also known as the voice box, is located in the throat and contains the vocal cords. These are two folds of muscle that vibrate when air passes over them, producing sound for speech.
d. Epiglottis: The epiglottis is a small flap of cartilage that covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing. It does not contain vocal cords.
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