Sodium and water balance is regulated by which of the following physiological factors?
Buffering mechanism of kidneys and sodium bicarbonate
Aldosterone and renin excretion
Production of glucocorticoids and reabsorption of glucose
Intestinal absorption and retention of water
The Correct Answer is B
a. Buffering mechanism of kidneys and sodium bicarbonate: The buffering mechanism and sodium bicarbonate are involved in pH regulation, not directly in sodium and water balance.
b. Aldosterone and renin excretion: Correct. Aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, and renin, an enzyme secreted by the kidneys, play crucial roles in regulating sodium and water balance.
c. Production of glucocorticoids and reabsorption of glucose: Glucocorticoids are involved in stress responses and metabolism, while glucose reabsorption relates to energy balance, not specifically sodium and water balance.
d. Intestinal absorption and retention of water: While intestinal absorption is important for overall fluid balance, it is not the primary regulatory mechanism for sodium and water balance in the body, which is primarily controlled by renal and endocrine factors.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
a. Cartilage: Cartilage is a type of connective tissue found at the ends of bones in joints. It provides a smooth, elastic surface that cushions the bones and reduces friction during movement.
b. Tendon: Tendons are tough, fibrous bands that connect muscles to bones. They do not reduce friction at joints.
c. Fibrillin: Fibrillin is a protein component of connective tissue, but it's not a specific structure like cartilage and doesn't directly reduce friction in joints.
d. Osteocytes: Osteocytes are mature bone cells. They are not located at joints and don't play a role in friction reduction.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
a. Carrying stimulus to the spinal cord and the brain from all other parts of the body: This is the function of afferent neurons, not efferent neurons.
b. Conducting impulses from sensory neurons to motor neurons: This describes interneurons, which relay signals between sensory and motor neurons.
c. Regulating neuron function: This is a vague description and doesn't specifically relate to the primary role of efferent neurons.
d. Carrying stimulus away from the brain and spinal cord: This correctly describes efferent neurons, which carry motor commands from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.
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