Sodium and water balance is regulated by which of the following physiological factors?
Buffering mechanism of kidneys and sodium bicarbonate
Aldosterone and renin excretion
Production of glucocorticoids and reabsorption of glucose
Intestinal absorption and retention of water
The Correct Answer is B
a. Buffering mechanism of kidneys and sodium bicarbonate: The buffering mechanism and sodium bicarbonate are involved in pH regulation, not directly in sodium and water balance.
b. Aldosterone and renin excretion: Correct. Aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, and renin, an enzyme secreted by the kidneys, play crucial roles in regulating sodium and water balance.
c. Production of glucocorticoids and reabsorption of glucose: Glucocorticoids are involved in stress responses and metabolism, while glucose reabsorption relates to energy balance, not specifically sodium and water balance.
d. Intestinal absorption and retention of water: While intestinal absorption is important for overall fluid balance, it is not the primary regulatory mechanism for sodium and water balance in the body, which is primarily controlled by renal and endocrine factors.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
a. Smooth: Correct. Smooth muscle cells in the walls of blood vessels regulate their diameter through contraction and relaxation.
b. Striated: Striated muscles, also known as skeletal muscles, are involved in voluntary movements and are not responsible for regulating blood vessel diameter.
c. Cardiac: Cardiac muscle is found in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood, not regulating blood vessel diameter.
d. Skeletal: Skeletal muscles control voluntary movements and are not involved in regulating blood vessel diameter.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
a: Electrolytes - Electrolytes are ions such as sodium, potassium, and chloride that play essential roles in various physiological processes but are not directly involved in protecting the body from pathogens.
b. Leukocytes: Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells, are involved in the immune response and protect the body from pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
c: Thrombocytes - Thrombocytes, or platelets, are involved in blood clotting but not in protecting the body from pathogens.
d: Erythrocytes - Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are primarily involved in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide and do not play a direct role in immune defense.
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