The client who is diagnosed with a seizure disorder is prescribed a ketogenic diet.
The nurse knows that the client understands the teaching when they state:

My diet will include more unsaturated fats and low carbohydrates.

My diet will include increased amounts of carbohydrates and protein.

My diet will include moderate amounts of protein and omega-3 oils.

My diet will include foods rich in sodium and carbohydrates.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

A ketogenic diet includes high fats, moderate protein, and low carbohydrates, with unsaturated fats emphasized for health. This metabolic state reduces seizure frequency by enhancing ketone production as an alternative energy source for the brain.

Choice B rationale

Increasing carbohydrates disrupts ketosis, the fundamental principle of the ketogenic diet. This would counteract the therapeutic goal of reducing seizure activity by providing glucose as a primary brain fuel instead of ketones.

Choice C rationale

While omega-3 oils support brain health, the ketogenic diet focuses on low carbohydrate intake and high fat. Moderate protein intake is essential, but excess omega-3 emphasis neglects the diet’s structure.

Choice D rationale

Foods high in sodium and carbohydrates contradict the ketogenic diet's principles. Elevated carbohydrate intake halts ketosis, while excess sodium intake is unrelated to ketogenic mechanisms or seizure management.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Administering oxygen at 6 liters per minute via nasal cannula risks hypercapnia in a client with emphysema due to impaired CO2 elimination. Oxygen should be titrated to maintain safe saturation levels, usually 88–92%.

Choice B rationale

Ipratropium is a bronchodilator that safely alleviates airway constriction in emphysema without systemic cardiovascular effects, making it suitable for a client with coronary artery disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary conditions.

Choice C rationale

Propranolol is contraindicated in emphysema due to its beta-blocking effects, which may exacerbate bronchoconstriction and reduce respiratory function, posing a significant risk to the client’s health.

Choice D rationale

Organic herbal supplements lack evidence-based safety and efficacy, especially in complex medical conditions like coronary artery disease and emphysema. They can also interact adversely with prescribed medications.

A. A patient who was in an assault resulting in basilar skull fracture. B. A patient who was found face down in water for an unknown length of time. C. A patient who suffered an epidural or subdural hematoma. D. A patient who experienced prolonged seizures without regaining consciousness.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Basilar skull fractures can lead to cerebral injuries and CSF leaks, but do not typically cause anoxic brain injury unless they compromise oxygenation or cause cerebral edema severely reducing blood flow.

Choice B rationale

Prolonged submersion compromises oxygen delivery, leading to diffuse cerebral hypoxia or anoxia, the primary cause of brain injury in drowning victims due to interruption of arterial oxygenation over unknown durations.

Choice C rationale

Epidural or subdural hematomas elevate intracranial pressure and compress brain tissue, but they are not as immediately hypoxic as situations involving complete oxygen deprivation like submersion.

Choice D rationale

Prolonged seizures, or status epilepticus, may disrupt normal metabolic processes, potentially causing neuronal injury. However, primary hypoxia is generally less pronounced than in submersion cases.

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The client who is diagnosed with a seizure disorder is prescribed a ketogenic diet.The nurse knows that the client understands the teaching when they state:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client has a past medical history of coronary artery disease and emphysema.The nurse knows which agent is safest to give?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The nurse is caring for several patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Which of the following patients is at the greatest risk of anoxic brain injury?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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The client who is diagnosed with a seizure disorder is prescribed a ketogenic diet.
The nurse knows that the client understands the teaching when they state: