When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS), which condition is associated with only DKA?
Weight loss
Kussmaul respirations
Increased serum glucose
Fluid loss
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Weight loss occurs in both DKA and HHNS due to prolonged hyperglycemia and fluid loss. Kussmaul respirations are specific to DKA’s acidosis, so this is incorrect for DKA-only.
Choice B reason: Kussmaul respirations, rapid and deep breathing, are unique to DKA, compensating for metabolic acidosis from ketones. HHNS lacks significant acidosis, making this the correct DKA-specific manifestation.
Choice C reason: Increased serum glucose is common to both DKA and HHNS, as both involve severe hyperglycemia. Kussmaul respirations are DKA-specific, so this is incorrect.
Choice D reason: Fluid loss occurs in both DKA and HHNS due to osmotic diuresis. Kussmaul respirations are exclusive to DKA’s acidotic state, so this is incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Lethargy is a common manifestation of hypothyroidism, resulting from slowed metabolism due to low thyroid hormone levels. It leads to fatigue and reduced energy, aligning with hypothyroid symptoms, making it a correct choice for clinical manifestations.
Choice B reason: Constipation is a hallmark of hypothyroidism, caused by decreased gastrointestinal motility from low thyroid hormone. This digestive slowing is a frequent complaint, making it a correct selection for hypothyroidism’s clinical manifestations.
Choice C reason: Restlessness is associated with hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism, which causes lethargy and slowed activity. Hypothyroid patients lack the agitation seen in hyperthyroid states, so this is incorrect for hypothyroidism manifestations.
Choice D reason: Intolerance to heat is a hyperthyroidism symptom, not hypothyroidism, where patients experience cold intolerance due to slowed metabolism. This is opposite to hypothyroid effects, so it’s incorrect for hypothyroidism’s clinical manifestations.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Vitamin D deficiency affects calcium and bone health, not creatinine or BUN levels, which reflect kidney function. Elevated BUN and creatinine point to dehydration or kidney issues, so this is incorrect for the lab findings.
Choice B reason: Elevated creatinine and BUN indicate dehydration or kidney dysfunction, as these markers rise when kidneys fail to clear waste or when blood volume is low. This matches the patient’s symptoms, making it the correct choice.
Choice C reason: Respiratory acidosis affects blood pH and CO2, not creatinine or BUN, which are renal markers. Kidney dysfunction or dehydration better explain the lab results, so this is incorrect for the findings.
Choice D reason: Liver failure may elevate other markers (e.g., bilirubin), but BUN and creatinine are kidney-specific. Dehydration or kidney dysfunction align with the labs and symptoms, so this is incorrect.
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