When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS), which condition is associated with only DKA?
Weight loss
Kussmaul respirations
Increased serum glucose
Fluid loss
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Weight loss occurs in both DKA and HHNS due to prolonged hyperglycemia and fluid loss. Kussmaul respirations are specific to DKA’s acidosis, so this is incorrect for DKA-only.
Choice B reason: Kussmaul respirations, rapid and deep breathing, are unique to DKA, compensating for metabolic acidosis from ketones. HHNS lacks significant acidosis, making this the correct DKA-specific manifestation.
Choice C reason: Increased serum glucose is common to both DKA and HHNS, as both involve severe hyperglycemia. Kussmaul respirations are DKA-specific, so this is incorrect.
Choice D reason: Fluid loss occurs in both DKA and HHNS due to osmotic diuresis. Kussmaul respirations are exclusive to DKA’s acidotic state, so this is incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Infarction is permanent tissue death from prolonged blood loss, not temporary deprivation. Ischemia describes reversible reduced blood supply, matching the question, so this is incorrect.
Choice B reason: Ischemia is the temporary deprivation of blood supply to cells, causing reduced oxygen delivery but potentially reversible damage. This fits the description, making it the correct term.
Choice C reason: Necrosis is irreversible cell death, not temporary blood supply loss. Ischemia is the term for reversible deprivation, so this is incorrect for the described condition.
Choice D reason: Inflammation is a response to injury, not blood supply deprivation. Ischemia specifically refers to temporary reduced blood flow, so this is incorrect for the term.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Acute pancreatitis is likely, given severe abdominal pain, elevated amylase and lipase, fever, hypotension (89/46 mm Hg), tachycardia (116 bpm), and alcohol history. These are classic signs, with C-reactive protein indicating inflammation, making this the first suspected diagnosis for this patient.
Choice B reason: Cholecystitis causes right upper quadrant pain and fever but is less associated with elevated amylase/lipase or severe hypotension. Pancreatitis aligns better with the patient’s alcohol use, vital signs, and lab results, so this is incorrect as the primary suspicion.
Choice C reason: Hepatitis C may cause liver inflammation but not acute abdominal pain or elevated amylase/lipase. The patient’s acute symptoms, alcohol history, and vital signs point to pancreatitis, not a chronic viral infection, making this incorrect for the first diagnosis.
Choice D reason: Liver cirrhosis is chronic, not acute, and doesn’t typically cause sudden pain or elevated amylase/lipase. Acute pancreatitis matches the patient’s acute presentation, alcohol use, and lab findings, so cirrhosis is incorrect as the initial suspected diagnosis.
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