When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS), which condition is associated with only DKA?
Weight loss
Kussmaul respirations
Increased serum glucose
Fluid loss
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Weight loss occurs in both DKA and HHNS due to prolonged hyperglycemia and fluid loss. Kussmaul respirations are specific to DKA’s acidosis, so this is incorrect for DKA-only.
Choice B reason: Kussmaul respirations, rapid and deep breathing, are unique to DKA, compensating for metabolic acidosis from ketones. HHNS lacks significant acidosis, making this the correct DKA-specific manifestation.
Choice C reason: Increased serum glucose is common to both DKA and HHNS, as both involve severe hyperglycemia. Kussmaul respirations are DKA-specific, so this is incorrect.
Choice D reason: Fluid loss occurs in both DKA and HHNS due to osmotic diuresis. Kussmaul respirations are exclusive to DKA’s acidotic state, so this is incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Vasodilation increases blood flow, causing redness and heat, but doesn’t directly cause fluid leakage. Increased capillary permeability allows fluid to escape into tissues, causing edema, so this is incorrect for the primary cause of inflammatory edema.
Choice B reason: Increased capillary permeability, triggered by inflammatory mediators, allows plasma to leak into tissues, causing edema. This is the primary mechanism during inflammation, making it the correct choice for the cause of edema in the process.
Choice C reason: Neutrophil emigration fights infection but doesn’t directly cause fluid accumulation. Capillary permeability changes lead to edema, so this is incorrect for the cause of swelling in inflammation.
Choice D reason: Endothelial cell contraction contributes to permeability but is a secondary mechanism. Increased capillary permeability is the overarching process causing fluid leakage and edema, so this is less precise and incorrect.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hydration is a treatment, not a complication. Rhabdomyolysis, hyperkalemia, and AKI are complications of crush injuries, with kidney function monitoring essential. This describes an intervention, not a complication, so it’s incorrect.
Choice B reason: Rhabdomyolysis is likely from severe muscle trauma in a crush injury, releasing myoglobin and electrolytes, risking kidney damage. This matches the patient’s injury, making it a correct complication.
Choice C reason: Electrolyte monitoring, especially potassium, is critical due to hyperkalemia risk from muscle breakdown. This can cause arrhythmias, making it a correct selection for complications.
Choice D reason: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in rhabdomyolysis, as myoglobin damages kidneys. Given the crush injury, AKI is likely, making this a correct complication.
Choice E reason: Monitoring kidney function (creatinine, BUN, urine output) detects AKI from rhabdomyolysis. This ensures timely intervention, making it a correct choice for complications.
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