The nurse is caring for a client with Parkinson's disease. The nurse understands the client is on both levodopa and carbidopa for which of the following reasons?

The use of carbidopa prevents dyskinesia.

Using both drugs prevents drug tolerance.

The combination of both medications is necessary to prevent side effects.

The carbidopa prevents the premature metabolism of levodopa.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Carbidopa does not directly prevent dyskinesia. Dyskinesia is often a side effect of long-term levodopa therapy. Carbidopa’s role is to help optimize the effectiveness of levodopa and reduce side effects, but it does not specifically prevent dyskinesia.
B. The combination of levodopa and carbidopa does not prevent drug tolerance. Drug tolerance refers to the reduced effect of a drug over time, and while the combination may help with optimal absorption and effectiveness, it doesn't directly address tolerance.
C. While carbidopa helps reduce some side effects (such as nausea and vomiting) by preventing the peripheral breakdown of levodopa, the primary purpose of combining the two drugs is not solely to prevent side effects but to improve levodopa's effectiveness and absorption in the brain.
D. Carbidopa inhibits the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) in the peripheral tissues, preventing the premature breakdown (metabolism) of levodopa into dopamine before it reaches the brain. This allows more levodopa to enter the brain and be converted into dopamine, enhancing the therapeutic effect for Parkinson's disease.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. While warfarin is an anticoagulant, it is not contraindicated with contrast imaging. However, the nurse should monitor for bleeding and report any abnormal findings, but this medication is not a priority to report immediately in the context of a CT scan.
B. Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat acid reflux, and it does not pose any specific concerns regarding the administration of contrast for an abdominal CT scan.
C. Metformin should be reported immediately. It is contraindicated in clients undergoing contrast procedures because it can increase the risk of lactic acidosis, particularly in those with renal impairment. Metformin should generally be withheld 48 hours before and after receiving contrast material to avoid this risk.
D. Fluoxetine is an antidepressant (SSRI) and does not have a direct interaction with the contrast medium used in CT scans. It is not a priority to report in this situation.

A. Your pancreas is not secreting enough insulin to help regulate your blood sugar level. B. Your pancreas is not breaking down glycogen that leads to increased blood sugar level. C. Your liver is secreting too much glucagon and that leads to increased blood sugar level. D. Your liver is absorbing too much insulin that is why it cannot be used by the blood.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas either does not produce any insulin or produces very little insulin. Insulin is necessary to help regulate blood sugar levels by allowing glucose to enter cells. In type 2 diabetes, the body may not respond to insulin effectively (insulin resistance), or the pancreas may not produce enough insulin to meet the body's needs. Either way, insulin production or function is impaired, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.
B. The pancreas does not break down glycogen. Instead, the liver breaks down glycogen into glucose when blood sugar is low. The pancreas's role in diabetes is primarily related to insulin production or secretion, not the breakdown of glycogen.
C. Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that signals the liver to release glucose when blood sugar is low. In diabetes, the issue is typically with insulin production or the body’s response to insulin, not an overproduction of glucagon.
D. This statement is confusing. The liver does not absorb insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the problem is typically insulin resistance, meaning the body’s cells, including those in the liver, do not respond properly to insulin. In type 1 diabetes, the issue is a lack of insulin production.

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The nurse is caring for a client with Parkinson's disease. The nurse understands the client is on both levodopa and carbidopa for which of the following reasons?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is preparing a client who has diabetes mellitus, type 2 for an abdominal CT scan with contrast. Which of the following prescribed medications, taken by the client, should be reported to the health care provider immediately?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who states, "I do not understand why I have diabetes when I try not to eat a lot of sugar." Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

How many units is the arrow pointing to on the syringe below? Enter numeric value only

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