The nurse is caring for a client with Parkinson's disease. The nurse understands the client is on both levodopa and carbidopa for which of the following reasons?

The use of carbidopa prevents dyskinesia.

Using both drugs prevents drug tolerance.

The combination of both medications is necessary to prevent side effects.

The carbidopa prevents the premature metabolism of levodopa.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Carbidopa does not directly prevent dyskinesia. Dyskinesia is often a side effect of long-term levodopa therapy. Carbidopa’s role is to help optimize the effectiveness of levodopa and reduce side effects, but it does not specifically prevent dyskinesia.
B. The combination of levodopa and carbidopa does not prevent drug tolerance. Drug tolerance refers to the reduced effect of a drug over time, and while the combination may help with optimal absorption and effectiveness, it doesn't directly address tolerance.
C. While carbidopa helps reduce some side effects (such as nausea and vomiting) by preventing the peripheral breakdown of levodopa, the primary purpose of combining the two drugs is not solely to prevent side effects but to improve levodopa's effectiveness and absorption in the brain.
D. Carbidopa inhibits the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) in the peripheral tissues, preventing the premature breakdown (metabolism) of levodopa into dopamine before it reaches the brain. This allows more levodopa to enter the brain and be converted into dopamine, enhancing the therapeutic effect for Parkinson's disease.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. It is important for the client with diabetes to continue taking their insulin as prescribed, even if they are unable to eat. When the body is under stress (e.g., due to illness), blood sugar levels can rise, and insulin is still necessary to manage glucose levels. Skipping insulin could lead to hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which can be life-threatening. The nurse should encourage the client to continue insulin therapy and consider alternative ways to manage nausea (e.g., antiemetics).
B. While it is important for the client to monitor their blood glucose, checking it twice a day may not be sufficient during illness. The client should check their blood glucose more frequently (e.g., every 4 hours) to avoid the risk of hyperglycemia or DKA, especially if they are not eating or drinking regularly.
C. When a person with diabetes is ill and unable to eat, it is important to ensure they stay hydrated and maintain glucose levels. Clear liquids such as soda or fruit juice may help with hydration and provide a quick source of sugar if the blood glucose drops too low, though they should be consumed in moderation.
D. It is essential for the client to stay hydrated, especially if they are vomiting. Dehydration can worsen blood sugar control and lead to further complications. The client should be encouraged to drink small, frequent sips of water or electrolyte solutions to stay hydrated.

A. "Between 0930 and 1130." B. "Between 1130 and 1330." C. "Between 0930 and 1030. D. "Between 1130 and 1930."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Regular insulin typically reaches its peak action 2 to 4 hours after administration. Since the insulin was given at 0730, the nurse should be most alert for signs of hypoglycemia between 0930 and 1130 when the insulin is most effective in lowering blood glucose.
B. This time frame is too late for peak action, as regular insulin's peak typically occurs earlier, between 2 to 4 hours after administration.
C. While this is within the range of insulin’s peak effect, it doesn't account for the full duration of potential hypoglycemia. The best window for observing symptoms would extend until 1130.
D. Hypoglycemia is most likely to occur during the peak action of the insulin, which is earlier, not this extended time frame.

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The nurse is caring for a client with Parkinson's disease. The nurse understands the client is on both levodopa and carbidopa for which of the following reasons?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The home health nurse is visiting a client with diabetes mellitus, type 2 who reports nausea and vomiting for the past 3 days and not taking prescribed insulin because of the inability to "keep food down." Which of the following responses would be most appropriate for the nurse to make?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A client receives 8 units of regular insulin at 0730. When should the nurse should be most alert for signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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