The nurse is preparing to assist the physician with a bone marrow biopsy. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to carry out before the procedure?

Drape the biopsy site.

Observe the patient for bleeding.

Explain the procedure to the patient's family.

Administer an analgesic to the patient.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   While draping is essential for maintaining sterility, it's typically done right before the physician performs the biopsy, not as a primary pre-procedure step for the nurse.
B.   Monitoring for bleeding is important after the procedure, not necessarily beforehand.
C.   Although informing the family can be helpful, the patient's understanding and consent are the top priority. Pain management is crucial for patient comfort and cooperation during the procedure.
D.   Administering an analgesic helps reduce the patient's anxiety and discomfort during the bone marrow biopsy, which can be a painful procedure. This improves patient tolerance and allows the physician to perform the procedure more efficiently.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While patients receiving chemotherapy are at risk for infections due to immunosuppression, the risk of overwhelming infection, particularly from encapsulated bacteria, is higher in post-splenectomy patients due to impaired immune function without the spleen.
B. Patients with sickle cell anemia are at increased risk of infections, particularly from encapsulated bacteria, due to functional asplenia or hyposplenism, but the risk of overwhelming infection is highest in post-splenectomy patients.
C. Patients with multiple myeloma are immunocompromised and at increased risk of infections, but they do not have the same risk of overwhelming infection as post- splenectomy patients.
D. Post-splenectomy patients are at highest risk of overwhelming infection due to impaired immune function resulting from the absence of the spleen, which plays a crucial role in immune surveillance and defense against encapsulated bacteria.

A. Hodgkin lymphoma B. Multiple myeloma C. Leukemia D. Hemophilia

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While bone involvement can occur in Hodgkin lymphoma, it is not typically associated with a high risk of spontaneous pathological fractures compared to multiple myeloma.
B. Multiple myeloma is characterized by the destruction of bone tissue, leading to an increased risk of spontaneous pathological fractures.
C. Leukemia primarily affects the bone marrow and may cause bone pain but does not typically lead to spontaneous pathological fractures.
D. Hemophilia is a bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factors and is not directly associated with an increased risk of spontaneous pathological fractures.

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The nurse is preparing to assist the physician with a bone marrow biopsy. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to carry out before the procedure?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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