The nurse is preparing to give a medication for pain. The label states that the drug is “lipid soluble.” How soon should the nurse expect to observe the effects of the drug?

Unpredictably

Rapidly

Slowly

Using osmosis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Lipid-soluble drugs cross cell membranes quickly due to their affinity for lipid bilayers, leading to predictable, rapid absorption. Their onset is not unpredictable but typically faster than water-soluble drugs, especially via routes like intravenous or transdermal, making this choice incorrect for lipid-soluble drugs.

Choice B reason: Lipid-soluble drugs, like fentanyl, rapidly cross lipid-rich cell membranes, including the blood-brain barrier, leading to quick onset of action. This is due to their high partition coefficient, allowing fast diffusion into tissues, making rapid effect onset the correct expectation for the nurse.

Choice C reason: Lipid-soluble drugs have faster onset than water-soluble drugs due to easier membrane penetration. Slow effects are more typical of water-soluble or poorly absorbed drugs. Lipid solubility enhances rapid distribution and action, making this choice incorrect for the expected effect timeline.

Choice D reason: Osmosis refers to water movement across membranes, not drug absorption. Lipid-soluble drugs diffuse through lipid bilayers, not via osmosis, which is irrelevant to their pharmacokinetics. This choice is scientifically inaccurate for describing the onset of lipid-soluble drug effects.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells release histamine, which stimulates parietal cells to secrete hydrochloric acid via H2 receptors. This increases gastric acid production, critical for digestion, and is a key component in the acid secretion pathway, making this a correct choice for acid-increasing cells.

Choice B reason: Beta cells, located in the pancreas, secrete insulin to regulate glucose, not gastric acid. They have no role in stomach acid production or regulation, which is controlled by gastric cells like parietal or G cells, making this choice incorrect.

Choice C reason: Parietal cells directly secrete hydrochloric acid into the stomach lumen via the H+/K+-ATPase pump, significantly increasing gastric acidity for digestion. Activated by histamine, gastrin, and acetylcholine, they are central to acid production, making this a correct choice for the question.

Choice D reason: Mucus cells secrete protective mucus to shield the stomach lining from acid and pepsin, not acid itself. They reduce damage from acidity but don’t contribute to its production, making this choice incorrect for cells that increase stomach acid.

Choice E reason: G cells secrete gastrin, a hormone that stimulates parietal cells to produce hydrochloric acid. Gastrin enhances acid secretion indirectly by activating parietal cells and ECL cells, playing a key role in gastric acid regulation, making this a correct choice.

A. Zithromax can cause cancer in women. B. Your medical conditions, age, and gender make you susceptible to QT prolongation, a known risk of this antibiotic. C. This antibiotic is less effective in women. D. Zithromax is expensive, so your insurance won’t pay for it.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason is that Zithromax (azithromycin) is not linked to cancer in women; this is inaccurate. QT prolongation is a known risk, especially in elderly patients with cardiac issues, so this is incorrect.

Choice B reason: Azithromycin can prolong the QT interval, risking arrhythmias, particularly in older women with heart rhythm issues. This explains the different prescribing, making it the correct choice.

Choice C reason: Zithromax’s effectiveness is not gender-specific; efficacy depends on the infection, not sex. The cardiac risk is the concern, so this is incorrect for the explanation.

Choice D reason: Cost or insurance is irrelevant to the medical decision. QT prolongation risk in this patient’s profile drives the choice, so this is incorrect.

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The nurse is preparing to give a medication for pain. The label states that the drug is “lipid soluble.” How soon should the nurse expect to observe the effects of the drug?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which of the following cells increase acid in the stomach? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

A female patient is questioning the nurse on why she can’t explain the same 5-day antibiotic (Zithromax) that her husband received. The patient is 65 with a history of and has an abnormal heart rhythm. The nurse explains that:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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