The nurse is screening clients for an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Which of the following client's would have the highest risk?

A 75-year-old female client who has diabetes mellitus type 1.

A 68-year-old male client who has testicular cancer.

A 48-year-old male client with a history of hyperthyroidism.

A 40-year-old female client who received radiation treatment for breast cancer 8 years ago.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. A 75-year-old female client who has diabetes mellitus type 1: While older age and gender (female) may slightly increase the risk of thyroid cancer, diabetes mellitus type 1 is not a known significant risk factor for thyroid cancer.
B. A 68-year-old male client who has testicular cancer: Testicular cancer itself is not strongly associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. While cancer survivors may face a higher risk for secondary cancers, testicular cancer is not typically linked to thyroid cancer.
C. A 48-year-old male client with a history of hyperthyroidism: Hyperthyroidism does not increase the risk for thyroid cancer. In fact, hyperthyroidism is more commonly associated with conditions like Graves' disease and toxic goiter, not thyroid cancer.
D. A 40-year-old female client who received radiation treatment for breast cancer 8 years ago: Previous radiation treatment, particularly at a young age, is a well-established risk factor for developing thyroid cancer. Radiation exposure can damage the DNA in thyroid cells, leading to an increased risk of cancer later in life.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Carbidopa does not directly prevent dyskinesia. Dyskinesia is often a side effect of long-term levodopa therapy. Carbidopa’s role is to help optimize the effectiveness of levodopa and reduce side effects, but it does not specifically prevent dyskinesia.
B. The combination of levodopa and carbidopa does not prevent drug tolerance. Drug tolerance refers to the reduced effect of a drug over time, and while the combination may help with optimal absorption and effectiveness, it doesn't directly address tolerance.
C. While carbidopa helps reduce some side effects (such as nausea and vomiting) by preventing the peripheral breakdown of levodopa, the primary purpose of combining the two drugs is not solely to prevent side effects but to improve levodopa's effectiveness and absorption in the brain.
D. Carbidopa inhibits the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) in the peripheral tissues, preventing the premature breakdown (metabolism) of levodopa into dopamine before it reaches the brain. This allows more levodopa to enter the brain and be converted into dopamine, enhancing the therapeutic effect for Parkinson's disease.

A. "It would be a good idea to increase fiber in my diet." B. "After a six-month course of this treatment I can stop taking the medication." C. "I know that I need to be careful when taking other medications." D. "I will need to have blood drawn to monitor my levels."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Increasing fiber can be beneficial for clients with hypothyroidism, as constipation is a common symptom of this condition. It helps improve bowel movements and overall gastrointestinal function.
B. Hypothyroidism is a lifelong condition, and thyroid replacement therapy is typically needed for life. The client must understand that they cannot stop taking the medication after a set period unless instructed by a healthcare provider.
C. Some medications can interfere with thyroid hormone replacement therapy, so it is important to be cautious and consult a healthcare provider before taking any new medications.
D. Regular monitoring of thyroid hormone levels is important to ensure that the thyroid replacement therapy is at the correct dosage. This helps prevent under- or over-treatment.

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The nurse is screening clients for an increased risk of thyroid cancer. Which of the following client's would have the highest risk?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for a client with Parkinson's disease. The nurse understands the client is on both levodopa and carbidopa for which of the following reasons?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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