The nurse is taking care of a child with scables. Which primary clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to assess with this disease?

Redness

Pruritus

Edema

Maceration

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Redness can occur with skin irritation or infection, but it is not the defining symptom of scabies. Pruritus (itching) is more characteristic.
B.   The hallmark symptom of scabies is intense itching (pruritus), particularly at night, due to an allergic reaction to the mite infestation in the skin.
C.   Edema is not a primary symptom of scabies. It may occur as a result of a secondary infection, but it is not typically associated with the infestation itself.
D.   Maceration refers to the softening or breakdown of the skin from excessive moisture, which could happen if the skin is scratched excessively. However, maceration is not a hallmark symptom of scabies.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. While morphine can help to relieve anxiety and pain, it does not address the underlying cause of a hypercyanotic spell, which is the right-to-left shunting. The first step should be positioning the infant properly.
B. Although oxygen is helpful, it will not be as effective as using the knee-to-chest position to alleviate the underlying circulatory issue causing the hypercyanotic spell.
C. While comforting the child is important, a pacifier will not help in alleviating the hypercyanotic spell and is not the primary intervention in this emergency situation.
D. In a hypercyanotic spell, the priority is to increase systemic vascular resistance to decrease the right- to-left shunting of blood. The knee-to-chest position is effective for this, as it increases the resistance in the lower extremities, helping to improve oxygenation.

A. Administering penicillin B. Administering corticosteroids if chorea develops C. Avoiding salicylates (aspirin) D. Imposing strict bed rest for 4 to 6 weeks

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Penicillin is used to eradicate the group A streptococcus bacteria that cause rheumatic fever, preventing further complications such as heart damage.
B. Corticosteroids may be used to manage symptoms of chorea (involuntary movements), but the primary treatment for rheumatic fever involves antibiotics like penicillin to eradicate the infection.
C. Salicylates (aspirin) are often used to manage the inflammation and fever associated with rheumatic fever, so they are not avoided. This choice is incorrect.
D. Bed rest is only indicated if the child has severe carditis, not as a routine measure for all children with rheumatic fever.

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The nurse is taking care of a child with scables. Which primary clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to assess with this disease?

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Correct Answer is D

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