The nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease about the medication donepezil (Aricept). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Donepezil will stop the progression of the disease."

"You can expect an immediate improvement in your ability to think."

"Donepezil helps to manage the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease."

"This medication slows the uptake of acetylcholine."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Donepezil (Aricept) does not stop or cure Alzheimer's disease. It helps to manage symptoms, but it does not halt the progression of the disease. The disease will still progress, but the medication may help improve cognitive function and slow down symptom deterioration temporarily.
B. Donepezil may take several weeks to months to show any noticeable effects. Immediate improvements in cognitive function are unlikely, and it should not be expected to cause quick or dramatic changes in thinking.
C. Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor that works by increasing acetylcholine levels in the brain, which helps to improve communication between nerve cells. It helps manage the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, such as memory loss and confusion, but does not cure or prevent the disease.
D. Donepezil works by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine. By doing this, it helps increase the availability of acetylcholine in the brain, rather than slowing its uptake. This increased availability can help improve cognitive function in people with Alzheimer's disease.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas either does not produce any insulin or produces very little insulin. Insulin is necessary to help regulate blood sugar levels by allowing glucose to enter cells. In type 2 diabetes, the body may not respond to insulin effectively (insulin resistance), or the pancreas may not produce enough insulin to meet the body's needs. Either way, insulin production or function is impaired, leading to elevated blood sugar levels.
B. The pancreas does not break down glycogen. Instead, the liver breaks down glycogen into glucose when blood sugar is low. The pancreas's role in diabetes is primarily related to insulin production or secretion, not the breakdown of glycogen.
C. Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that signals the liver to release glucose when blood sugar is low. In diabetes, the issue is typically with insulin production or the body’s response to insulin, not an overproduction of glucagon.
D. This statement is confusing. The liver does not absorb insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the problem is typically insulin resistance, meaning the body’s cells, including those in the liver, do not respond properly to insulin. In type 1 diabetes, the issue is a lack of insulin production.

A. "Elevated blood sugar level causes decreased thirst and appetite." B. "Increased appetite is due to osmotic factors resulting from high blood sugar. C. "Increased appetite is caused by the increased anabolic state due to high blood sugar. D. "Frequent urination seen in diabetes is due to an elevated blood sugar level."

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Elevated blood sugar (hyperglycemia) typically causes increased thirst (polydipsia) and increased appetite (polyphagia), not decreased thirst and appetite. This occurs due to the body’s attempt to compensate for the excess glucose in the blood.
B. While osmotic factors (such as increased glucose in the urine) contribute to dehydration and increased thirst, increased appetite (polyphagia) in diabetes is primarily caused by the body's inability to effectively use glucose, leading to a sensation of hunger despite high blood sugar.
C. The increased appetite in diabetes is related to the body’s inability to properly utilize glucose, not an anabolic state. The body compensates for the perceived lack of energy, leading to hunger.
D. Frequent urination (polyuria) in diabetes is due to the osmotic diuresis caused by elevated blood sugar levels. When blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold, glucose spills into the urine, which pulls water along with it, leading to increased urination.

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The nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease about the medication donepezil (Aricept). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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