The nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease about the medication donepezil (Aricept). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

"Donepezil will stop the progression of the disease."

"You can expect an immediate improvement in your ability to think."

"Donepezil helps to manage the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease."

"This medication slows the uptake of acetylcholine."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Donepezil (Aricept) does not stop or cure Alzheimer's disease. It helps to manage symptoms, but it does not halt the progression of the disease. The disease will still progress, but the medication may help improve cognitive function and slow down symptom deterioration temporarily.
B. Donepezil may take several weeks to months to show any noticeable effects. Immediate improvements in cognitive function are unlikely, and it should not be expected to cause quick or dramatic changes in thinking.
C. Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor that works by increasing acetylcholine levels in the brain, which helps to improve communication between nerve cells. It helps manage the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, such as memory loss and confusion, but does not cure or prevent the disease.
D. Donepezil works by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine. By doing this, it helps increase the availability of acetylcholine in the brain, rather than slowing its uptake. This increased availability can help improve cognitive function in people with Alzheimer's disease.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Hypothyroidism is actually more common in women than men, particularly in middle-aged and older women.
B. Low thyroid hormone levels typically lead to a slower heart rate (bradycardia), not an increased heart rate.
C. Hypothyroidism can cause extreme fatigue is correct. Fatigue is one of the most common symptoms of hypothyroidism due to the slowed metabolic processes resulting from low levels of thyroid hormones.
D. Hypothyroidism is associated with weight gain, not weight loss, due to a slowed metabolism. Unexpected weight loss is more commonly seen in hyperthyroidism.

A. Decreased sodium in the client's urine. B. Presence of glucose in the client's urine. C. Decreased potassium in the client's urine. D. Presence of ketones in the client's urine.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Typically, in hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), sodium may be retained, not decreased, due to the osmotic effect of glucose. Increased urine output can lead to some sodium loss, but it is not the primary concern here.
B. When blood glucose levels exceed the renal threshold (around 180 mg/dL), the kidneys cannot reabsorb all the glucose, and it spills over into the urine. This leads to glucosuria (glucose in urine), which is common in uncontrolled diabetes.
C. Hyperglycemia can initially cause increased potassium levels in the blood due to shifts between intracellular and extracellular compartments. However, increased urination (polyuria) can eventually lead to potassium loss, not decreased potassium in urine.
D. Ketones in the urine (ketonuria) are more commonly seen in type 1 diabetes or in cases of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is often associated with severe insulin deficiency and fat breakdown. While it's possible to see ketones in type 2 diabetes, this is not typically the first finding with a blood sugar level of 289 mg/dL.

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The nurse is teaching a client newly diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease about the medication donepezil (Aricept). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is preparing a conference about hypothyroidism for a group of clients. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the conference?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse caring for a client with diabetes, type 2 who has a blood sugar level of 289 mg/dL noted an increase in urine output. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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