A nurse is examining the agent, host and environmental factors which can lead to disease. Which of the following models would the nurse most likely use?

Epidemiologic triangle

Health promotion

Natural history of disease

Levels of prevention

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Epidemiologic triangle: The epidemiologic triangle is a public health model that examines three key components of disease transmission:

- Agent – The microorganism (bacteria, virus, fungus, etc.).
- Host – The person or animal that harbors the disease.
- Environment – External conditions that contribute to disease spread.

B. Health promotion: The health promotion model focuses on behavioral and lifestyle changes to prevent illness rather than examining the direct causes of disease.

C. Natural history of disease: The natural history of disease describes how a disease progresses without intervention from the initial exposure to resolution or chronicity, but it does not specifically analyze the agent, host, and environment.

D. Levels of prevention: The levels of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary) focus on preventing and managing disease, but they do not analyze the factors leading to disease transmission like the epidemiologic triangle does.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Herd immunity: Herd immunity occurs when a large portion of the population is immune, reducing the spread of disease. However, the individual receiving the vaccine develops active immunity, not herd immunity.

B. Natural immunity: Natural immunity occurs after infection and recovery, not from vaccination.

C. Acquired immunity: While acquired immunity includes both active (vaccination or infection) and passive (antibodies from mother or immunoglobulin) immunity, the most specific answer is active immunity.

D. Active immunity: Vaccines stimulate the immune system to develop long-term immunity by producing antibodies against the virus.

A. Appreciate that the family has made the decision that it feels is best and take no further action if it is clear the family has made an informed choice. B. Try to convince the agency to give the care for free, even if it means economic stress for the agency, because the medical need is obvious. C. Stress that each individual in society has a right to health care and the family will have to create some way to raise funds for the needed treatment. D. Talk to the media to see whether a campaign to raise funds for the family can be created.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Appreciate that the family has made the decision that it feels is best and take no further action if it is clear the family has made an informed choice: Respecting autonomy is a key ethical principle in nursing. If the family has made an informed decision without coercion, the nurse should respect their choice. Beneficence and nonmaleficence do not override autonomy in this case.

B. Try to convince the agency to give the care for free, even if it means economic stress for the agency, because the medical need is obvious: While advocacy is important, it is unethical to place financial strain on an agency without proper policy in place. This option disregards justice (fair distribution of resources).

C. Stress that each individual in society has a right to healthcare and the family will have to create some way to raise funds for the needed treatment: While healthcare access is a concern, pressuring the family to raise funds imposes unrealistic expectations and does not respect their right to decline care.

D. Talk to the media to see whether a campaign to raise funds for the family can be created: Disclosing a family's personal health information without consent violates confidentiality and privacy rights under ethical and legal guidelines.

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A nurse is examining the agent, host and environmental factors which can lead to disease. Which of the following models would the nurse most likely use?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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