The nurse will conduct what assessment on a newborn at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth?

Choice A reason: This is not the correct answer. Self-esteem is the degree to which the client values and respects themselves. It affects the client's confidence, satisfaction, and happiness. It is influenced by the client's self-image, self-efficacy, and self-awareness. A client who believes they have the ability and aptitude to successfully complete a task may have a high self-esteem, but it is not the same as self-efficacy.

Choice B reason: This is not the correct answer. Self-concept is the overall perception and evaluation of the client's self. It includes the client's self-image, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. It is influenced by the client's personal, interpersonal, and environmental factors. A client who believes they have the ability and aptitude to successfully complete a task may have a positive self-concept, but it is not the specific term for their belief.

Choice C reason: This is the best answer. Self-efficacy is the confidence in one's ability to accomplish a specific task. It affects the client's motivation, performance, and persistence. It is influenced by the client's past experiences, vicarious learning, verbal persuasion, and emotional arousal. A client who believes they have the ability and aptitude to successfully complete a task has a high self-efficacy.

Choice D reason: This is not the correct answer. Self-image is the way that the client perceives and describes themselves. It includes the client's physical, psychological, social, and spiritual attributes. It is influenced by the client's self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-awareness. A client who believes they have the ability and aptitude to successfully complete a task may have a positive self-image, but it is not the same as self-efficacy.

Choice A reason: This is not a useful intervention for improving the self-concept of an older adult. Allowing the clothing to remain soiled after spilling may make the older adult feel dirty, embarrassed, or neglected. It may also increase the risk of infection or skin irritation. The nurse should help the older adult to change into clean clothing as soon as possible, and respect their dignity and comfort.

Choice B reason: This is not a useful intervention for improving the self-concept of an older adult. Encouraging them to wear clothes that are bigger so it is easier to put on may make the older adult feel unattractive, insecure, or incompetent. It may also affect their mobility and safety, as the clothes may be too loose or long. The nurse should help the older adult to wear clothes that fit well and suit their preferences and abilities.

Choice C reason: This is not a useful intervention for improving the self-concept of an older adult. Keeping their pajamas on when going to the dining room for breakfast, since they will have a nap when they return to their room, may make the older adult feel lazy, depressed, or isolated. It may also affect their appetite and socialization, as the pajamas may indicate a lack of interest or readiness. The nurse should help the older adult to dress appropriately for the time and place, and encourage them to participate in activities and interactions.

Choice D reason: This is the best answer. Helping them fix their hair and wear properly fitting, clean clothing is a useful intervention for improving the self-concept of an older adult. It may make the older adult feel attractive, confident, and respected. It may also enhance their physical and mental health, as the hair and clothing may reflect their hygiene and mood. The nurse should help the older adult to maintain their personal appearance and style, and support their self-esteem and self-image.