The parents of a 3-month old infant with cystic fibrosis (CF) want to know how their child got this disease, because no one in either of their families has CF. What is the nurse's best response based on the understanding of CF?
Both parents are carrier of the CF gene
The inheritance pattern is multifactorial
The result is probably a genetic mutation
Only one parent carries the CF gene
The Correct Answer is A
A. Both parents are carriers of the CF gene: Cystic fibrosis follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, meaning both parents must carry one copy of the defective gene, even if they do not have the disease themselves. The child inherits one copy of the defective gene from each parent to develop CF.
B. The inheritance pattern is multifactorial: CF is not a multifactorial disease; it follows a clear recessive genetic inheritance pattern.
C. The result is probably a genetic mutation: CF is caused by a genetic mutation, but this mutation is inherited from both parents. It is not usually a spontaneous mutation unless it occurs in the parental genetic material, which is rare.
D. Only one parent carries the CF gene: For the child to inherit CF, both parents must be carriers of the gene. If only one parent carries the gene, the child would be a carrier, not affected by the disease.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis to help break up thick secretions: Prednisone is not used to treat cystic fibrosis. Drugs like dornase alfa are used for this purpose, not corticosteroids.
B. Used for the prophylactic treatment of asthma/allergies: Prednisone is not typically used for the prophylaxis of asthma or allergies. It may be used for acute exacerbations but is not for long-term control.
C. Used to treat hypertension and edema: Prednisone is not used to treat hypertension or edema directly. Corticosteroids like prednisone can sometimes increase blood pressure and cause fluid retention as side effects.
D. Used to treat inflammation and swelling: Prednisone is a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation and swelling in conditions such as asthma, arthritis, and other inflammatory disorders.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Methylprednisolone: Methylprednisolone is a corticosteroid used to reduce inflammation but is not the first-line treatment for an acute asthma attack. It is used in the management of longer-term control and inflammation after the initial symptoms are managed.
B. Albuterol: Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that provides quick relief by dilating the airways. It is the first medication given during an acute asthma attack to relieve bronchospasm and improve airflow.
C. Montelukast: Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for long-term control and prevention of asthma symptoms but is not used in an acute asthma attack.
D. Fluticasone: Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid used for long-term management of asthma to reduce inflammation, but it is not effective in treating an acute asthma attack.
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