The student nurse is learning the stages of dementia in class. While in clinical, they are in a neurological disorder unit. The student assesses their client and notices the client has significant memory loss, confusion, difficulty with language, and struggles with daily tasks like dressing and bathing. Which stage of dementia is this client in?

Early-stage dementia

Mild cognitive impairment

Severe dementia

Moderate dementia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Early-stage dementia: At this stage, individuals might have some memory problems but can generally maintain independence. The symptoms described (significant memory loss, confusion, difficulty with language, and struggles with daily tasks) are more advanced than what is typically seen in early-stage dementia.

B. Mild cognitive impairment: This is a transitional stage between normal cognitive aging and dementia. It involves some memory problems and cognitive changes but not severe enough to impact daily functioning to the extent described.

C. Severe dementia: In this stage, individuals typically require assistance with most activities of daily living, have severe memory loss, and may not recognize close family members or understand their surroundings. The described symptoms do not yet indicate this level of severity.

D. Moderate dementia: This stage is characterized by more pronounced memory loss, confusion, difficulty with language, and an increasing need for help with daily tasks such as dressing and bathing, matching the client's symptoms.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Administer diazepam: This is not a first-line treatment for delirium and could exacerbate confusion or sedation, potentially worsening delirium.

B. Obtain a medical history: Delirium is often caused by underlying medical conditions such as infections, electrolyte imbalances, or medication side effects. Obtaining a medical history is crucial for identifying and treating the underlying cause, making it the priority action.

C. Start intravenous fluids: While IV fluids might be necessary in cases of dehydration or electrolyte imbalances, identifying the underlying cause of delirium through medical history is more urgent.

D. Raise 3 of the 4 side rails of the bed: This action may help prevent falls but does not address the underlying cause of delirium. Moreover, the use of side rails can sometimes increase the risk of injury or entrapment.

A. Medication side effects B. Hypothyroidism C. Vitamin B12 deficiency D. Multiple small brain infarcts

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A. Medication side effects: Certain medications can cause cognitive impairment that mimics dementia, but this condition is often reversible if the medication is adjusted or discontinued.

B. Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism can lead to cognitive impairment that may be reversible with appropriate thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

C. Vitamin B12 deficiency: Deficiency in vitamin B12 can cause cognitive deficits that are often reversible with supplementation.

D. Multiple small brain infarcts: This condition, often associated with vascular dementia, usually leads to permanent brain damage and is typically not reversible.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is caring for an older adult client who is experiencing delirium. Which of the following should be the priority action by the nurse?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A new nurse is teaching a nursing student in the mental health unit. The nurse explains that an example of a treatable (reversible) form of Neurocognitive disorder is caused by which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client with bulimia. The nurse recognizes which of the following would be a therapeutic intervention?

A student nurse is providing care to a client diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following should be the appropriate action by the student nurse when caring for this client?

A nurse is assessing a client who has paranoid personality disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has moderate Alzheimer's disease. Exhibits To effectively manage the provider prescriptions, which of the following tasks should the nurse assign to an assistive personnel (AP)? The nurse should plan to assign dropdown and dropdown to the AP.

The Nurse Manager is discussing in their monthly staff nurses meeting the importance of understanding a client's culture. How do cultural considerations play a crucial role in understanding and addressing abusive situations involving older adults?

A nurse is teaching a nursing student about secondary Neurocognitive Disorders. Which of the following are the causes of secondary Neurocognitive Disorders? Select all that apply.

A nurse in an acute care facility is assessing a client who had hip surgery and has Alzheimer's disease. The nurse asks the client how therapy went that morning. Which of the following statements by the client should the nurse document as confabulation?

A nurse is discussing the three clusters of personality disorders. Which of the following personality disorders is part of cluster C