To achieve therapeutic effectiveness, a nurse teaches a patient with chronic asthma to use an inhaled glucocorticoid medication according to which schedule?

To abort an asthma attack

Only in an emergency

On a daily basis

2 weeks on, 2 weeks off

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: Inhaled glucocorticoids, like budesonide, reduce airway inflammation over time but don’t act quickly enough to abort acute asthma attacks. Short-acting beta-agonists (e.g., albuterol) are used for acute relief, as glucocorticoids lack immediate bronchodilatory effects, making this choice incorrect for chronic asthma management.

Choice B reason: Using inhaled glucocorticoids only in emergencies is ineffective for chronic asthma. These drugs prevent inflammation and exacerbations through consistent use, not acute intervention. Emergency use is reserved for rescue inhalers like albuterol, making this choice inappropriate for long-term asthma control.

Choice C reason: Inhaled glucocorticoids require daily use to maintain anti-inflammatory effects, reducing airway hyperresponsiveness and preventing asthma exacerbations. Consistent dosing ensures steady suppression of chronic inflammation, improving lung function and reducing symptoms, making this the correct choice for managing chronic asthma effectively.

Choice D reason: A 2-week on/off schedule disrupts the consistent anti-inflammatory action of inhaled glucocorticoids needed for chronic asthma control. Intermittent use reduces efficacy, allowing inflammation to rebound, increasing exacerbation risk. Daily use is standard to maintain therapeutic benefits, making this choice incorrect.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Benzonatate suppresses cough by anesthetizing stretch receptors in the respiratory tract, reducing the cough reflex. It acts locally on nerve endings in the lungs and pleura, effectively decreasing cough frequency without systemic opioid effects, making it an appropriate choice for cough suppression.

Choice B reason: Guaifenesin is an expectorant, promoting mucus clearance by thinning secretions, not suppressing the cough reflex. It facilitates productive coughing rather than inhibiting it, making it ineffective for cough suppression and an incorrect choice for this indication in managing cough symptoms.

Choice C reason: Dextromethorphan suppresses cough by acting on the medulla’s cough center, reducing the urge to cough. As a non-opioid antitussive, it effectively controls non-productive cough without significant respiratory depression, making it a suitable and correct choice for cough suppression in various conditions.

Choice D reason: Codeine, an opioid, suppresses cough by acting on the central nervous system’s cough center, reducing reflex activity. It’s effective for non-productive cough but carries risks of sedation and dependency, making it a correct but cautiously used choice for cough suppression.

A. Respiratory alkalosis B. Respiratory acidosis C. Metabolic alkalosis D. Metabolic acidosis

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Respiratory alkalosis involves low PaCO2 (<35 mm Hg) due to hyperventilation, raising pH. Here, pH is 7.31 (acidic), PaCO2 is 41 mm Hg (normal), and HCO3- is 20 mEq/L (low), indicating a metabolic cause, not respiratory, making this choice incorrect.

Choice B reason: Respiratory acidosis requires elevated PaCO2 (>45 mm Hg), lowering pH. With PaCO2 at 41 mm Hg (normal) and low HCO3- (20 mEq/L), the acidosis stems from reduced bicarbonate, not CO2 retention, ruling out respiratory acidosis and making this choice incorrect.

Choice C reason: Metabolic alkalosis involves high HCO3- (>26 mEq/L) and elevated pH. Here, pH is 7.31 (acidic) and HCO3- is 20 mEq/L (low), indicating acidosis, not alkalosis. The low bicarbonate points to a metabolic cause, making this choice incorrect for the ABG values.

Choice D reason: pH 7.31 (acidic), PaCO2 41 mm Hg (normal), and HCO3- 20 mEq/L (low) indicate metabolic acidosis, likely from conditions like diabetic ketoacidosis or lactic acidosis. No respiratory compensation (normal PaCO2) confirms uncompensated metabolic acidosis, making this the correct choice for the imbalance.

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To achieve therapeutic effectiveness, a nurse teaches a patient with chronic asthma to use an inhaled glucocorticoid medication according to which schedule?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Which medication is indicated for suppression of cough? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]

Explanation

Name the imbalance using the following Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) values: pH 7.31, PaCO2 41, HCO3- 20

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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