What is the most common cause of hypoxemia?
Ventilation-perfusion mismatch
Hyperventilation with hypocapnia
Reduced diffusion distance
Shunting
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, where lung regions receive inadequate ventilation or perfusion, is the most common cause of hypoxemia. Conditions like pneumonia or pulmonary embolism disrupt this balance, reducing oxygen exchange, making this the primary cause in clinical settings.
Choice B reason: Hyperventilation with hypocapnia lowers carbon dioxide but does not typically cause hypoxemia, as oxygen levels are usually maintained or increased. It affects acid-base balance more than oxygenation, making this an incorrect primary cause of low oxygen levels.
Choice C reason: Reduced diffusion distance is not a cause but a facilitator of gas exchange. Impaired diffusion (e.g., pulmonary edema) can contribute to hypoxemia, but V/Q mismatch is more prevalent across conditions, making this less common as a primary cause.
Choice D reason: Shunting, where blood bypasses ventilated alveoli, causes hypoxemia but is less common than V/Q mismatch. It occurs in specific conditions like congenital heart defects or ARDS, but V/Q mismatch predominates in most respiratory disorders, making this incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Rapid mood swings are characteristic of bipolar disorder, not OCD. OCD involves intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors, like Marty’s hand washing, so this is incorrect for OCD’s primary feature.
Choice B reason: Social withdrawal is more typical of depression or schizophrenia, not OCD. Marty’s persistent thoughts and rituals define OCD, making this incorrect for the disorder’s main characteristic.
Choice C reason: OCD is defined by persistent, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions), as seen in Marty’s germ fears and hand washing. This is the correct primary characteristic of OCD.
Choice D reason: Hallucinations and delusions are associated with psychotic disorders, not OCD. Marty’s intrusive thoughts and rituals are classic OCD symptoms, so this is incorrect for the primary feature.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Acute pancreatitis is likely, given severe abdominal pain, elevated amylase and lipase, fever, hypotension (89/46 mm Hg), tachycardia (116 bpm), and alcohol history. These are classic signs, with C-reactive protein indicating inflammation, making this the first suspected diagnosis for this patient.
Choice B reason: Cholecystitis causes right upper quadrant pain and fever but is less associated with elevated amylase/lipase or severe hypotension. Pancreatitis aligns better with the patient’s alcohol use, vital signs, and lab results, so this is incorrect as the primary suspicion.
Choice C reason: Hepatitis C may cause liver inflammation but not acute abdominal pain or elevated amylase/lipase. The patient’s acute symptoms, alcohol history, and vital signs point to pancreatitis, not a chronic viral infection, making this incorrect for the first diagnosis.
Choice D reason: Liver cirrhosis is chronic, not acute, and doesn’t typically cause sudden pain or elevated amylase/lipase. Acute pancreatitis matches the patient’s acute presentation, alcohol use, and lab findings, so cirrhosis is incorrect as the initial suspected diagnosis.
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