What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process?
Vasodilation
Increased capillary permeability
Emigration of neutrophils
Endothelial cell contraction
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: Vasodilation increases blood flow, causing redness and heat, but doesn’t directly cause fluid leakage. Increased capillary permeability allows fluid to escape into tissues, causing edema, so this is incorrect for the primary cause of inflammatory edema.
Choice B reason: Increased capillary permeability, triggered by inflammatory mediators, allows plasma to leak into tissues, causing edema. This is the primary mechanism during inflammation, making it the correct choice for the cause of edema in the process.
Choice C reason: Neutrophil emigration fights infection but doesn’t directly cause fluid accumulation. Capillary permeability changes lead to edema, so this is incorrect for the cause of swelling in inflammation.
Choice D reason: Endothelial cell contraction contributes to permeability but is a secondary mechanism. Increased capillary permeability is the overarching process causing fluid leakage and edema, so this is less precise and incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Aspirin inhibits TXA2 synthesis, reducing platelet adhesion and clotting. This is a true mechanism of aspirin’s antiplatelet effect, so it’s incorrect as the exception.
Choice B reason: Aspirin reduces prostaglandin production, which decreases platelet aggregation. This is a valid antiplatelet mechanism, so it’s incorrect for the action aspirin does not perform.
Choice C reason: Aspirin does not inhibit fibrinogen-to-fibrin conversion; this is part of the coagulation cascade, not platelet function. Aspirin targets platelets, making this the correct action it doesn’t perform.
Choice D reason: Aspirin inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation, minimizing plug formation. This is a true antiplatelet effect, so it’s incorrect as the action aspirin does not do.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis, causing symptoms like dizziness, paresthesia, or tetany due to decreased carbon dioxide levels. It does not cause renal colic, which involves severe, spasmodic flank pain typically from ureteral obstruction. This makes hyperventilation an incorrect cause for the patient’s acute pain presentation.
Choice B reason: Nephrolithiasis, or kidney stones, is the most likely cause of renal colic in a young male. Stones obstruct the ureter, triggering severe, intermittent flank pain radiating to the groin, often with hematuria or nausea. This matches the described acute pain, making nephrolithiasis the correct diagnosis for the patient’s symptoms.
Choice C reason: Urinary tract infections may cause dysuria, frequency, or suprapubic discomfort but rarely produce the severe, colicky flank pain characteristic of renal colic. While infections can coexist with stones, the primary presentation of acute, severe pain points to nephrolithiasis, making this a less likely primary cause.
Choice D reason: Trauma can cause renal pain or hematuria but typically presents with a history of injury and signs like bruising or hemodynamic instability. Renal colic’s hallmark is spontaneous, severe pain without trauma history, making trauma an unlikely cause for this patient’s acute presentation.
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