A 50-year-old patient with essential hypertension was involved in a car accident and presented with sudden, severe back and abdominal pain due to local dilation of the abdominal artery. Which condition does this describe?
Aneurysm
Embolus
Phlebitis
Thrombus
The Correct Answer is A
A ruptured or expanding abdominal aortic aneurysm causes sudden back and abdominal pain and is more common in people with hypertension.
B. Embolus:
An embolus would cause acute blockage, usually leading to ischemia downstream, but not arterial dilation.
C. Phlebitis:
Phlebitis is inflammation of a vein, not an artery, and does not cause sudden severe back pain.
D. Thrombus:
A thrombus is a clot, and while it can block vessels, it does not cause local dilation of arteries.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Diverticulitis:
Diverticulitis affects the large intestine, not causing anal pruritus or bleeding directly.
B. Hemorrhoids:
Postpartum hemorrhoids are common due to pressure during pregnancy and delivery, causing dilated rectal veins, bleeding, itching, and discomfort.
C. Gastroenteritis:
Gastroenteritis causes nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, but not localized rectal vein problems.
D. Diverticulosis:
Diverticulosis is the presence of diverticula in the colon, often asymptomatic unless inflamed (diverticulitis).
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Crescent-shaped red blood cells and missing wisdom teeth:
Crescent-shaped red blood cells are characteristic of sickle cell anemia, not Down syndrome.
B. Flattened nose and a single palmar crease on the hands:
Typical features of Down syndrome include flattened facial features, epicanthal folds, and a single palmar (Simian) crease.
C. Hypertension and hypertonia:
Children with Down syndrome often have hypotonia (low muscle tone), not hypertonia or hypertension.
D. Widened eyes and a long neck:
While individuals with Down syndrome can have upward slanting eyes, a long neck is not a typical feature.
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