Which person is at the greatest risk for contracting hepatitis A?
A person who drank contaminated water
A person who had a blood transfusion
A newborn infant born to a mother with cirrhosis
A person who uses intravenous drugs regularly
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Hepatitis A is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated water or food. Ingesting water with hepatitis A virus leads to acute liver infection, as the virus replicates in hepatocytes, making this the highest risk scenario.
Choice B reason: Hepatitis A is not typically transmitted via blood transfusion, unlike hepatitis B or C. It spreads through contaminated food or water, so blood transfusion poses minimal risk for hepatitis A, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: A newborn born to a mother with cirrhosis is not at high risk for hepatitis A, as it is not congenitally transmitted. Cirrhosis may result from hepatitis but does not directly increase hepatitis A risk, making this incorrect.
Choice D reason: Intravenous drug use is a risk factor for hepatitis B and C due to bloodborne transmission. Hepatitis A spreads via the fecal-oral route, not needles, so drug use poses lower risk compared to contaminated water, making this incorrect.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Lack of appetite is not typical in type 1 diabetes, where increased appetite (polyphagia) occurs due to glucose deprivation in cells. Weight loss is more characteristic, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Oliguria (low urine output) is not a feature of type 1 diabetes, which causes polyuria due to osmotic diuresis from hyperglycemia. This makes the choice incorrect for type 1 diabetes.
Choice C reason: Night sweats are not a primary manifestation of type 1 diabetes. They may occur in hypoglycemia but are not a hallmark symptom, unlike weight loss, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Weight loss in type 1 diabetes results from insulin deficiency, preventing glucose uptake, leading to fat and muscle breakdown for energy. This is a classic symptom, making this the correct choice.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: SIADH causes excessive antidiuretic hormone, leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Low serum sodium results from increased water reabsorption in the kidneys, causing neurological symptoms, making this the correct manifestation.
Choice B reason: Hyperkalemia is not associated with SIADH, which affects water balance, not potassium. Potassium imbalances occur in adrenal or renal disorders, not SIADH’s water retention mechanism, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Hyperglycemia is unrelated to SIADH, which involves water retention and sodium dilution. Glucose levels are affected by diabetes, not antidiuretic hormone dysfunction, making this choice incorrect for SIADH manifestations.
Choice D reason: Hypertension may occur in SIADH due to fluid overload, but it is not the primary manifestation. Hyponatremia is more specific, as water retention directly dilutes sodium, making this choice incorrect.
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