Which person is at the greatest risk for contracting hepatitis A?
A person who drank contaminated water
A person who had a blood transfusion
A newborn infant born to a mother with cirrhosis
A person who uses intravenous drugs regularly
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Hepatitis A is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated water or food. Ingesting water with hepatitis A virus leads to acute liver infection, as the virus replicates in hepatocytes, making this the highest risk scenario.
Choice B reason: Hepatitis A is not typically transmitted via blood transfusion, unlike hepatitis B or C. It spreads through contaminated food or water, so blood transfusion poses minimal risk for hepatitis A, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: A newborn born to a mother with cirrhosis is not at high risk for hepatitis A, as it is not congenitally transmitted. Cirrhosis may result from hepatitis but does not directly increase hepatitis A risk, making this incorrect.
Choice D reason: Intravenous drug use is a risk factor for hepatitis B and C due to bloodborne transmission. Hepatitis A spreads via the fecal-oral route, not needles, so drug use poses lower risk compared to contaminated water, making this incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, reducing neuronal excitability by opening chloride channels, hyperpolarizing neurons, and preventing action potentials, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Norepinephrine is an excitatory neurotransmitter and hormone, increasing neuronal activity and arousal in the sympathetic nervous system. It does not inhibit neural signaling, making this choice incorrect for an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Choice C reason: Histamine acts as a neurotransmitter promoting wakefulness and arousal, not inhibition. It stimulates neuronal activity in the brain, unlike inhibitory neurotransmitters that reduce firing, making this choice incorrect for the role.
Choice D reason: Glutamate is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter, promoting neuronal firing by depolarizing neurons via ion channel activation. It does not inhibit neural activity, making this choice incorrect for an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance, not excessive insulin production, which declines over time. Insulin does not cause renal toxicity; hyperglycemia damages kidneys, making this choice incorrect for the mechanism of renal failure.
Choice B reason: Glucose crystals do not form in type 2 diabetes to obstruct ureters. Hyperglycemia damages renal vasculature, not urine flow, leading to diabetic nephropathy, making this choice incorrect for chronic renal failure’s mechanism.
Choice C reason: An autoimmune process destroying renal tissue is not typical of type 2 diabetes. Autoimmune damage occurs in type 1 diabetes or glomerulonephritis, not type 2-related renal failure, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: High blood sugar in type 2 diabetes damages renal microvasculature, particularly glomerular capillaries, causing diabetic nephropathy. This leads to proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and chronic renal failure, making this the correct mechanism for kidney damage.
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