Which person is at the greatest risk for contracting hepatitis A?
A person who drank contaminated water
A person who had a blood transfusion
A newborn infant born to a mother with cirrhosis
A person who uses intravenous drugs regularly
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Hepatitis A is transmitted via the fecal-oral route, often through contaminated water or food. Ingesting water with hepatitis A virus leads to acute liver infection, as the virus replicates in hepatocytes, making this the highest risk scenario.
Choice B reason: Hepatitis A is not typically transmitted via blood transfusion, unlike hepatitis B or C. It spreads through contaminated food or water, so blood transfusion poses minimal risk for hepatitis A, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: A newborn born to a mother with cirrhosis is not at high risk for hepatitis A, as it is not congenitally transmitted. Cirrhosis may result from hepatitis but does not directly increase hepatitis A risk, making this incorrect.
Choice D reason: Intravenous drug use is a risk factor for hepatitis B and C due to bloodborne transmission. Hepatitis A spreads via the fecal-oral route, not needles, so drug use poses lower risk compared to contaminated water, making this incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Acute infections are not defined by location but by rapid onset and severity. While some infections may be localized, the hallmark is their abrupt, intense presentation, resolving quickly with treatment or spontaneously, making this choice incomplete and incorrect for fully describing acute infections.
Choice B reason: Acute infections are characterized by rapid onset, severe symptoms, and short duration, typically resolving within days to weeks. This reflects the body’s immediate immune response to pathogens, causing intense but transient symptoms, such as fever or pain, making this the correct choice.
Choice C reason: Non-apparent, prolonged symptoms describe subclinical or chronic infections, not acute ones. Acute infections present with noticeable, severe symptoms that resolve quickly, not persisting asymptomatically, making this choice incorrect for the characteristics of acute infections.
Choice D reason: Less severe, prolonged symptoms describe chronic infections, like tuberculosis, not acute infections. Acute infections feature rapid, intense symptoms that resolve quickly, not mild symptoms over time, making this choice incorrect for describing acute infections.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Visceral pain arises from internal organs due to stretching or inflammation, not from musculoskeletal injuries like an ankle sprain. An ankle sprain causes localized tissue damage, producing sharp, immediate pain, not the dull, diffuse pain typical of visceral sources, making this incorrect.
Choice B reason: Chronic pain persists beyond three months, often from ongoing conditions like arthritis. An ankle sprain causes immediate, short-term pain due to acute tissue injury, not prolonged pain, making chronic pain incorrect for the immediate aftermath of a sprain.
Choice C reason: Acute pain occurs immediately after injury, like an ankle sprain, due to tissue damage, inflammation, and activation of nociceptors. It is sharp and localized, resolving with healing, matching the description of pain right after a sprain, making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Referred pain is felt in a different area from the injury source, such as shoulder pain from a heart attack. An ankle sprain causes localized pain at the injury site, not referred pain, making this choice incorrect for the described scenario.
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