What are the effects of cortisol during the stress response? (Select all that apply)
Decreased wound healing
Increased gastric acid secretion
Increased blood glucose
Increased immune response
Decreased blood pressure
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Choice A reason: Cortisol, a stress hormone, suppresses immune and inflammatory responses, slowing fibroblast activity and collagen synthesis, which impairs wound healing. This anti-inflammatory effect prioritizes energy allocation to stress response over tissue repair, making decreased wound healing a correct effect of cortisol during stress.
Choice B reason: Cortisol stimulates gastric acid secretion by enhancing gastrin release and reducing mucosal protection, increasing the risk of ulcers. This effect supports energy mobilization during stress by promoting digestion but can lead to gastrointestinal complications, making increased gastric acid secretion a correct effect.
Choice C reason: Cortisol promotes gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver, elevating blood glucose levels to provide energy for the stress response. It also induces insulin resistance, ensuring glucose availability for critical tissues like the brain, making increased blood glucose a correct effect of cortisol.
Choice D reason: Cortisol suppresses the immune response by inhibiting cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation, reducing inflammation and immune activity. This does not align with increased immune response, as cortisol’s immunosuppressive effects are well-documented, making this choice incorrect for the stress response.
Choice E reason: Cortisol increases blood pressure via mineralocorticoid effects, enhancing sodium retention and vascular tone. This supports cardiovascular stability during stress, not decreased blood pressure, which would be counterproductive in a fight-or-flight response, making this choice incorrect for cortisol’s effects.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Graves’ disease, a form of hyperthyroidism, does not typically cause decreased calcium. It may lead to hypercalcemia due to increased bone resorption from elevated thyroid hormone levels, which enhance osteoclast activity, making decreased calcium an incorrect laboratory finding for this condition.
Choice B reason: Graves’ disease is characterized by increased thyroid hormone production, including elevated T4 due to autoimmune stimulation of the thyroid. Decreased T4 is associated with hypothyroidism, not hyperthyroidism, making this choice incorrect as it contradicts the pathophysiology of Graves’ disease.
Choice C reason: Increased TSH is seen in primary hypothyroidism, where the thyroid is underactive. In Graves’ disease, TSH is typically decreased due to negative feedback from elevated thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), making this choice incorrect for the expected laboratory profile.
Choice D reason: Graves’ disease causes hyperthyroidism, with increased production of thyroid hormones, including T3, due to autoantibodies stimulating TSH receptors. Elevated T3 levels drive metabolic symptoms like weight loss and tachycardia, making this the correct laboratory finding for Graves’ disease.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Unilateral leg swelling suggests deep vein thrombosis, a precursor to pulmonary embolism, not a direct manifestation. Pulmonary embolism affects the lungs, causing respiratory symptoms, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Sudden facial numbness is associated with stroke, not pulmonary embolism. Pulmonary embolism causes pulmonary and systemic symptoms like chest pain, not neurological deficits, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Blood in the urine (hematuria) is unrelated to pulmonary embolism, which affects pulmonary arteries. It may occur in renal conditions, not pulmonary vascular obstruction, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Chest pain is a hallmark of pulmonary embolism, caused by pleural irritation or ischemia from blocked pulmonary arteries. It is often sharp and worsens with breathing, making this the correct choice.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today
Report Wrong Answer on the Current Question
Do you disagree with the answer? If yes, what is your expected answer? Explain.
Kindly be descriptive with the issue you are facing.