What manifestation is a finding that is specific to pernicious anemia?
Paresthesia
Jaundice
Thrombocytopenia
Severe pain
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Pernicious anemia, caused by vitamin B12 deficiency from lack of intrinsic factor, leads to neurological damage, causing paresthesia (tingling/numbness). This is specific due to demyelination of peripheral nerves, making this the correct manifestation.
Choice B reason: Jaundice occurs in hemolytic anemias due to red cell breakdown, not pernicious anemia. B12 deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia without significant hemolysis, making jaundice non-specific and incorrect for this condition.
Choice C reason: Thrombocytopenia, low platelet count, is not specific to pernicious anemia. It may occur in other conditions but not typically in B12 deficiency, which primarily affects red cells, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Severe pain is not a specific feature of pernicious anemia. It may occur in sickle cell anemia or other conditions, but B12 deficiency causes neurological symptoms like paresthesia, making this choice incorrect.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Diarrhea is not a typical feature of autonomic dysreflexia, which involves sympathetic overactivity causing vasoconstriction. Bowel dysfunction may occur in spinal cord injury, but it is not specific to dysreflexia, making this incorrect.
Choice B reason: Tachycardia can occur in autonomic dysreflexia due to sympathetic stimulation, but it is less specific than headache, which is a hallmark symptom from severe hypertension, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Autonomic dysreflexia, often triggered by stimuli below the injury level, causes severe hypertension, leading to a pounding headache due to increased intracranial pressure. This is a hallmark symptom, making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Hypotension is not associated with autonomic dysreflexia, which causes hypertension from unopposed sympathetic responses. Hypotension may occur in spinal shock, not dysreflexia, making this choice incorrect.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hyperthermia is not a primary sign of increased intracranial pressure. It may occur in brain injury due to hypothalamic dysfunction, but increased intracranial pressure directly causes neurological symptoms like confusion due to brain compression, making this incorrect.
Choice B reason: Confusion is a hallmark of increased intracranial pressure, as elevated pressure compresses brain tissue, impairing neuronal function and cognition. This disrupts normal brain signaling, leading to altered mental status, making this the correct manifestation.
Choice C reason: Hypotension is not typical; increased intracranial pressure often causes hypertension (Cushing’s reflex) to maintain cerebral perfusion. Low blood pressure does not align with the body’s compensatory response to brain compression, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Angina, chest pain from cardiac ischemia, is unrelated to increased intracranial pressure. Intracranial pressure affects brain function, causing neurological symptoms like confusion, not cardiac pain, making this choice incorrect for this condition.
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