What hypersensitivity reaction occurs when a person has a skin reaction to poison ivy?
Cell-mediated hypersensitivity
Allergic hypersensitivity
Immune complex hypersensitivity
Cytotoxic hypersensitivity
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Poison ivy causes a type IV (cell-mediated) hypersensitivity reaction, where T-cells react to urushiol, triggering a delayed inflammatory response. This leads to dermatitis with itching and rash, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Allergic hypersensitivity is a broad term, often referring to type I (IgE-mediated) reactions, like anaphylaxis. Poison ivy involves T-cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity, not immediate allergic responses, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Immune complex hypersensitivity (type III) involves antigen-antibody complexes causing tissue damage, as in lupus. Poison ivy reactions are T-cell-driven, not immune complex-mediated, making this choice incorrect for the reaction.
Choice D reason: Cytotoxic hypersensitivity (type II) involves antibodies attacking cell surface antigens, as in hemolytic anemia. Poison ivy causes a T-cell-mediated skin reaction, not antibody-driven cytotoxicity, making this choice incorrect.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Heart failure is a consequence of CAD, not a cause. It results from impaired cardiac function, often due to ischemia from CAD, but does not directly contribute to coronary artery plaque formation, making this incorrect.
Choice B reason: Pneumonia affects the lungs, causing infection and inflammation, not coronary arteries. It may increase cardiac demand, but it does not cause atherosclerosis or CAD, making this choice incorrect for CAD development.
Choice C reason: Low blood pressure does not cause CAD; it may result from cardiac issues. CAD is driven by atherosclerosis from risk factors like diabetes, not hypotension, making this choice incorrect for causing CAD.
Choice D reason: Diabetes causes CAD by promoting atherosclerosis through hyperglycemia, which damages endothelial cells, increases inflammation, and accelerates plaque formation in coronary arteries. This is a major risk factor, making this the correct choice.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Visceral pain arises from internal organs due to stretching or inflammation, not from musculoskeletal injuries like an ankle sprain. An ankle sprain causes localized tissue damage, producing sharp, immediate pain, not the dull, diffuse pain typical of visceral sources, making this incorrect.
Choice B reason: Chronic pain persists beyond three months, often from ongoing conditions like arthritis. An ankle sprain causes immediate, short-term pain due to acute tissue injury, not prolonged pain, making chronic pain incorrect for the immediate aftermath of a sprain.
Choice C reason: Acute pain occurs immediately after injury, like an ankle sprain, due to tissue damage, inflammation, and activation of nociceptors. It is sharp and localized, resolving with healing, matching the description of pain right after a sprain, making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Referred pain is felt in a different area from the injury source, such as shoulder pain from a heart attack. An ankle sprain causes localized pain at the injury site, not referred pain, making this choice incorrect for the described scenario.
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