What is a manifestation of hypoparathyroidism?
Muscle cramps
Increased urination
Weight gain
Hypertension
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Hypoparathyroidism causes hypocalcemia due to low parathyroid hormone, reducing calcium levels. Low calcium leads to neuromuscular excitability, causing muscle cramps and tetany, a hallmark symptom, making this the correct manifestation of hypoparathyroidism.
Choice B reason: Increased urination is associated with diabetes or hypercalcemia, not hypoparathyroidism. Hypoparathyroidism causes hypocalcemia, which does not directly affect urine output, making this choice incorrect for the condition’s manifestations.
Choice C reason: Weight gain is not a direct manifestation of hypoparathyroidism. Hypocalcemia affects neuromuscular function, not metabolism or weight. Hypothyroidism may cause weight gain, but hypoparathyroidism does not, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Hypertension is not typical of hypoparathyroidism, which causes hypocalcemia and neuromuscular symptoms. Hyperparathyroidism or other conditions may cause hypertension via hypercalcemia, but hypoparathyroidism does not, making this choice incorrect.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Genetic mutations causing insulin resistance describe type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency, not resistance, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Excessive carbohydrate intake does not cause type 1 diabetes, which is autoimmune. It may exacerbate hyperglycemia in diabetes but is not the primary cause, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Pancreatic damage from alcohol can cause pancreatitis, not type 1 diabetes. Type 1 is autoimmune, destroying insulin-producing beta cells, unrelated to alcohol-induced damage, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. Autoantibodies target beta cells, causing hyperglycemia, making this the correct pathophysiological cause.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Overproduction of parathyroid hormone causes hyperparathyroidism, leading to hypercalcemia and bone issues. Addison’s disease involves adrenal insufficiency, reducing cortisol and aldosterone, not parathyroid dysfunction, making this choice incorrect as it describes a different endocrine disorder unrelated to adrenal function.
Choice B reason: Lack of insulin production by the pancreas describes type 1 diabetes, not Addison’s disease. Addison’s disease affects the adrenal glands, causing deficiencies in cortisol and aldosterone, leading to metabolic and electrolyte imbalances, making this choice incorrect for the described condition.
Choice C reason: Addison’s disease is adrenal insufficiency, characterized by inadequate cortisol and aldosterone production due to adrenal gland damage (e.g., autoimmune). This leads to symptoms like fatigue, hypotension, and hyperkalemia, accurately describing the pathophysiology and making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Overproduction of growth hormone causes acromegaly or gigantism, not Addison’s disease. Addison’s involves adrenal hormone deficiency, not pituitary overactivity. Growth hormone excess affects growth and metabolism, not adrenal function, making this choice incorrect for Addison’s disease.
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