What infection control precaution is a client diagnosed with bacterial meningitis instituted?
Neutropenic precautions
Contact isolation
Universal precautions
Droplet isolation
The Correct Answer is D
A. Neutropenic precautions are used for clients with compromised immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or bone marrow suppression. This is not appropriate for bacterial meningitis.
B. Contact isolation is used for infections that are transmitted through direct contact with the patient or their environment, such as MRSA or C. difficile. Bacterial meningitis, however, is spread through respiratory droplets.
C. Universal precautions refer to standard infection control practices (like hand hygiene and wearing gloves) that apply to all patients, but specific precautions are needed for certain infections like bacterial meningitis.
D. Droplet isolation is necessary for bacterial meningitis, as it is transmitted via respiratory droplets from coughing, sneezing, or talking. This isolation prevents the spread of the infection to others in close proximity.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Increased LOC (level of consciousness) and increased range of motion are not typical symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). In fact, ICP usually leads to a decreased level of consciousness, not an increase.
B. Restlessness, irritability, and decreased LOC are early signs of increased intracranial pressure. As pressure inside the skull rises, the brain becomes less able to function normally, leading to changes in behavior and cognition, such as restlessness and irritability, followed by a decrease in consciousness.
C. Pain in the calf and neck is not a typical symptom of ICP. While neck pain may occur with certain neurological conditions, it is not a hallmark of increased intracranial pressure.
D. Fever and chills are not initial symptoms of ICP. These symptoms are more indicative of infection, such as meningitis, rather than increased intracranial pressure.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Educating the client on anticonvulsant medications is important, but it is not the priority during an active seizure. Education should be provided after the seizure has ended.
B. Monitoring vital signs is important but should not be the immediate priority during a seizure. The nurse should focus on airway management first.
C. Restraining the client is contraindicated during a seizure. Restraining can cause injury to both the client and the nurse. The focus should be on protecting the client from harm.
D. The prevention of occlusion of the airway or aspiration is the priority. During a tonic-clonic seizure, there is a risk of the client choking, biting their tongue, or having difficulty breathing. The nurse should ensure the airway is open, prevent aspiration, and protect the client from injury during the seizure.
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