What is the best description of the pathophysiology of osteoporosis?
Bone resorption exceeds bone formation, leading to fragile bones.
An abnormal immune response resulting in synovitis and cartilage deterioration.
Articular cartilage is damaged through erosion resulting from excessive mechanical stress.
A bone infection that is typically caused by bacteria.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Osteoporosis results from an imbalance where osteoclast-mediated bone resorption outpaces osteoblast-mediated bone formation, reducing bone density and strength. This leads to fragile, porous bones prone to fractures, especially in the elderly, due to hormonal changes or reduced calcium absorption, making this the correct description.
Choice B reason: An abnormal immune response causing synovitis and cartilage deterioration describes rheumatoid arthritis, not osteoporosis. Rheumatoid arthritis involves autoimmune inflammation of joints, not bone density loss. Osteoporosis primarily affects bone matrix, not cartilage or synovial tissues, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Cartilage erosion from mechanical stress describes osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, not osteoporosis. Osteoporosis affects bone density, not articular cartilage. Mechanical stress may exacerbate joint issues but does not cause the systemic bone loss characteristic of osteoporosis, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: A bacterial bone infection describes osteomyelitis, not osteoporosis. Osteomyelitis involves localized bone inflammation and destruction due to pathogens, not a systemic imbalance of bone remodeling. Osteoporosis is a metabolic condition, not an infectious one, making this choice incorrect for the described pathophysiology.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Compression stockings promote venous return, preventing blood stasis and deep vein thrombosis, a common immobility complication. They support circulation in immobile limbs, making this a correct preventive action.
Choice B reason: Adequate hydration prevents dehydration, maintaining blood fluidity and reducing clot risk. It also supports urinary and bowel function, preventing complications like constipation, making this a correct action for immobility.
Choice C reason: Avoiding high-fiber foods increases constipation risk, a complication of immobility. High-fiber diets promote bowel motility, so this choice is incorrect as it worsens, not prevents, immobility complications.
Choice D reason: Weight-bearing exercise maintains muscle and bone strength, preventing atrophy and osteoporosis in immobility. It also improves circulation, reducing clot risk, making this a correct preventive action.
Choice E reason: Deep breathing exercises prevent atelectasis and pneumonia by promoting lung expansion and mucus clearance in immobile individuals, improving oxygenation and reducing infection risk, making this a correct action.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Emphysema, a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, causes air trapping, reducing CO2 exhalation, leading to hypercapnia, not hypocapnia. Hypocapnia occurs with hyperventilation, not chronic lung destruction, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Emphysema is a chronic disease involving alveolar destruction, reducing gas exchange and causing air trapping. This impairs CO2 exhalation, leading to hypercapnia, a hallmark of advanced disease, making this the correct choice.
Choice C reason: Emphysema is a chronic, not acute, condition. While hypercapnia occurs due to impaired gas exchange, the acute classification is incorrect, as emphysema develops gradually, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Emphysema is not an acute disease, and hypocapnia is not typical. It is a chronic condition with hypercapnia from CO2 retention due to alveolar damage, making this choice incorrect.
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