What is the best description of the pathophysiology of osteoporosis?
Bone resorption exceeds bone formation, leading to fragile bones.
An abnormal immune response resulting in synovitis and cartilage deterioration.
Articular cartilage is damaged through erosion resulting from excessive mechanical stress.
A bone infection that is typically caused by bacteria.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Osteoporosis results from an imbalance where osteoclast-mediated bone resorption outpaces osteoblast-mediated bone formation, reducing bone density and strength. This leads to fragile, porous bones prone to fractures, especially in the elderly, due to hormonal changes or reduced calcium absorption, making this the correct description.
Choice B reason: An abnormal immune response causing synovitis and cartilage deterioration describes rheumatoid arthritis, not osteoporosis. Rheumatoid arthritis involves autoimmune inflammation of joints, not bone density loss. Osteoporosis primarily affects bone matrix, not cartilage or synovial tissues, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Cartilage erosion from mechanical stress describes osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, not osteoporosis. Osteoporosis affects bone density, not articular cartilage. Mechanical stress may exacerbate joint issues but does not cause the systemic bone loss characteristic of osteoporosis, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: A bacterial bone infection describes osteomyelitis, not osteoporosis. Osteomyelitis involves localized bone inflammation and destruction due to pathogens, not a systemic imbalance of bone remodeling. Osteoporosis is a metabolic condition, not an infectious one, making this choice incorrect for the described pathophysiology.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Chronic asthma involves persistent symptoms managed over time, not an acute, life-threatening event. Status asthmaticus is an acute, severe exacerbation unresponsive to standard treatments, requiring urgent intervention, making this choice incorrect for describing status asthmaticus.
Choice B reason: An asthma attack triggered by exercise is exercise-induced bronchospasm, not status asthmaticus. Status asthmaticus is a severe, prolonged attack resistant to therapy, not defined by a specific trigger like exercise, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: A mild asthma attack resolving with bronchodilators responds to standard therapy, unlike status asthmaticus, which is a severe, life-threatening attack unresponsive to bronchodilators and corticosteroids, requiring intensive care, making this choice incorrect for the condition.
Choice D reason: Status asthmaticus is a severe, prolonged asthma attack that does not respond to standard treatments like bronchodilators and corticosteroids. It causes critical airway obstruction and hypoxia, requiring aggressive medical intervention, accurately describing the condition and making this the correct choice.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance, not excessive insulin production, which declines over time. Insulin does not cause renal toxicity; hyperglycemia damages kidneys, making this choice incorrect for the mechanism of renal failure.
Choice B reason: Glucose crystals do not form in type 2 diabetes to obstruct ureters. Hyperglycemia damages renal vasculature, not urine flow, leading to diabetic nephropathy, making this choice incorrect for chronic renal failure’s mechanism.
Choice C reason: An autoimmune process destroying renal tissue is not typical of type 2 diabetes. Autoimmune damage occurs in type 1 diabetes or glomerulonephritis, not type 2-related renal failure, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: High blood sugar in type 2 diabetes damages renal microvasculature, particularly glomerular capillaries, causing diabetic nephropathy. This leads to proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and chronic renal failure, making this the correct mechanism for kidney damage.
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