What manifestation(s) are expected when a person has a pulmonary embolus? (Select all that apply)

Choice A reason: Thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm) is a life-threatening complication of hyperthyroidism, where excessive thyroid hormone release causes severe metabolic and cardiovascular symptoms. Triggers like infection or stress exacerbate thyroid activity, making this the correct disorder associated with thyrotoxic crisis.

Choice B reason: Hypothyroidism involves deficient thyroid hormone production, causing slowed metabolism, not thyrotoxic crisis, which requires excessive hormone levels. Low thyroid activity cannot lead to the hypermetabolic state of thyroid storm, making this choice incorrect.

Choice C reason: Addison’s disease involves adrenal insufficiency, reducing cortisol and aldosterone, unrelated to thyroid function. Thyrotoxic crisis stems from thyroid hormone excess, not adrenal issues, making this choice incorrect for the described complication.

Choice D reason: Diabetes mellitus affects glucose metabolism, not thyroid function. Thyrotoxic crisis is driven by thyroid hormone excess, causing metabolic and cardiovascular instability, not related to insulin or glucose dysregulation, making this choice incorrect.

Choice A reason: Pyelonephritis, a bacterial kidney infection, causes intrarenal AKI by directly damaging renal parenchyma through inflammation and tubular injury. The infection disrupts nephron function, reducing filtration and leading to acute kidney injury, making this a correct cause of intrarenal damage.

Choice B reason: Nephrotoxins, such as certain drugs or chemicals, cause intrarenal AKI by directly injuring tubular epithelial cells. This disrupts renal filtration and reabsorption, leading to acute kidney injury through toxic cellular damage, making this a correct cause of intrarenal AKI.

Choice C reason: A bladder tumor causes postrenal AKI by obstructing urine outflow, leading to backpressure on the kidneys. It does not directly damage renal parenchyma, as intrarenal AKI requires, making this choice incorrect for intrarenal causes of kidney injury.

Choice D reason: Dehydration causes prerenal AKI by reducing blood volume and renal perfusion, not directly damaging the renal parenchyma. Intrarenal AKI involves intrinsic kidney damage, so dehydration’s hypoperfusion effect makes this choice incorrect for intrarenal AKI.

Choice E reason: Ureteral obstruction causes postrenal AKI by blocking urine flow, increasing pressure on the kidneys. It does not involve direct parenchymal damage, as required for intrarenal AKI, making this choice incorrect for the specified type of kidney injury.