What is the earliest age at which the infant should be able to walk independently?

Choice A rationale:
Suggesting that toddlers should be able to stay dry for 2 hours before beginning bladder training is too early. Most toddlers do not develop full bladder control until around the age of 3. Starting training too early may lead to frustration for both the child and the parents. It's essential to be patient and wait until the child is developmentally ready, which is typically around the age of 3.
Choice B rationale:
Suggesting that toddlers should be able to stay dry for 3 hours before beginning bladder training is a reasonable and developmentally appropriate guideline. Around the age of 3, many children start to gain better control over their bladder and can stay dry for longer periods. This is a good indication that they may be ready for bladder training. However, it's essential to remember that every child is different, and readiness may vary from one child to another.
Choice C rationale:
Suggesting that toddlers should be able to stay dry for 4 hours before beginning bladder training may be overly restrictive and not necessary. While some children may achieve this level of bladder control, it is not a standard benchmark for readiness. Waiting for 4 hours may delay the start of bladder training unnecessarily for some children.
Choice D rationale:
Suggesting that toddlers should be able to stay dry for 5 hours before beginning bladder training is too long and not a practical guideline. Waiting for such an extended period before initiating training is not developmentally appropriate, and it may lead to difficulties and accidents. It's important to strike a balance between waiting for readiness and not delaying training for an extended period, as suggested in choice B.

Choice A rationale:

Articulation disorder refers to difficulty in pronouncing sounds and is more related to the physical aspects of speech production. The scenario described by the parents focuses on the comprehensibility of the child's speech, not the specific pronunciation of sounds.

Choice B rationale:

Global language delay typically involves a delay in both expressive and receptive language skills. However, the parents' concern about their child's speech not being understood by others suggests that the issue is more specific to expressive language, which involves the ability to convey thoughts and ideas.

Choice C rationale:

Expressive language delay refers to difficulties in using language to express thoughts and ideas. In this case, the parents mention that "No one can understand him but us," indicating that the child has trouble communicating effectively with others, which aligns with an expressive language delay.

Choice D rationale:

Language loss is not a likely consideration in this scenario as the parents are concerned about their child's current speech development, not a regression in language skills.