What is the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM)?
Loss of insulin receptors on the target cell, resulting in insulin resistance
Overproduction of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas
A pituitary tumor in the brain, resulting in increased antidiuretic hormone production
Destruction of the beta cells within the pancreas, resulting in an inability to produce insulin
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Loss of insulin receptors on the target cell, resulting in insulin resistance, is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus, not type 15.
Choice B rationale
Overproduction of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas is not a characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In fact, type 1 diabetes involves a lack of insulin due to the destruction of beta cells.
Choice C rationale
A pituitary tumor in the brain, resulting in increased antidiuretic hormone production, is not related to the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Choice D rationale
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is indeed caused by the destruction of the beta cells within the pancreas, which results in an inability to produce insulin.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The client's symptoms, such as palpitations, high heart rate, restlessness, weight loss, amenorrhea, intolerance to heat, and bulging eyes, are consistent with hyperthyroidism. This condition occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones (Healthline, 2022).
Choice B rationale
Hypothyroidism typically presents with symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, and dry skin. This condition is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland (Healthline, 2022).
Choice C rationale
Hypoparathyroidism results from low parathyroid hormone levels, leading to symptoms like muscle cramps, tingling sensations, and tetany. It does not involve the thyroid gland (nih.gov, n.d.).
Choice D rationale
Hyperparathyroidism is caused by overactive parathyroid glands, resulting in high calcium levels in the blood. Symptoms include kidney stones, bone pain, and fatigue (Healthline, 2022).
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While a urinary tract infection (UTI) can cause discomfort and pain, it typically does not cause a palpable mass in the costovertebral angle.
Choice B rationale
Gout is a form of arthritis that causes severe pain and swelling in the joints, not typically in the costovertebral angle.
Choice C rationale
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, can cause severe pain, but they do not typically cause a palpable mass in the costovertebral angle.
Choice D rationale
Renal cell carcinoma, a type of kidney cancer, can cause a palpable mass in the costovertebral angle. This is because the tumor can grow large enough to be felt through the skin.
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