What is the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM)?
Loss of insulin receptors on the target cell, resulting in insulin resistance
Overproduction of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas
A pituitary tumor in the brain, resulting in increased antidiuretic hormone production
Destruction of the beta cells within the pancreas, resulting in an inability to produce insulin
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Loss of insulin receptors on the target cell, resulting in insulin resistance, is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus, not type 15.
Choice B rationale
Overproduction of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas is not a characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In fact, type 1 diabetes involves a lack of insulin due to the destruction of beta cells.
Choice C rationale
A pituitary tumor in the brain, resulting in increased antidiuretic hormone production, is not related to the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Choice D rationale
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is indeed caused by the destruction of the beta cells within the pancreas, which results in an inability to produce insulin.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2 are both lifelong infections that can cause recurrent outbreaks of symptoms. These outbreaks can occur periodically and are often triggered by factors such as stress, illness, or sun exposure.
Choice B rationale
Individuals with HSV do not develop immunity after the first exposure. Instead, the virus remains in the body and can cause recurrent outbreaks.
Choice C rationale
Pain is a common symptom during an outbreak of HSV. This includes pain or discomfort in the affected area during a genital herpes outbreak, or pain around the mouth during an oral herpes outbreak.
Choice D rationale
Individuals with HSV can transmit the virus even when an outbreak is not active. This is known as asymptomatic shedding.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The client's symptoms, such as palpitations, high heart rate, restlessness, weight loss, amenorrhea, intolerance to heat, and bulging eyes, are consistent with hyperthyroidism. This condition occurs when the thyroid gland produces excessive amounts of thyroid hormones (Healthline, 2022).
Choice B rationale
Hypothyroidism typically presents with symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, and dry skin. This condition is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland (Healthline, 2022).
Choice C rationale
Hypoparathyroidism results from low parathyroid hormone levels, leading to symptoms like muscle cramps, tingling sensations, and tetany. It does not involve the thyroid gland (nih.gov, n.d.).
Choice D rationale
Hyperparathyroidism is caused by overactive parathyroid glands, resulting in high calcium levels in the blood. Symptoms include kidney stones, bone pain, and fatigue (Healthline, 2022).
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