What is the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM)?
Loss of insulin receptors on the target cell, resulting in insulin resistance
Overproduction of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas
A pituitary tumor in the brain, resulting in increased antidiuretic hormone production
Destruction of the beta cells within the pancreas, resulting in an inability to produce insulin
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Loss of insulin receptors on the target cell, resulting in insulin resistance, is a characteristic of type 2 diabetes mellitus, not type 15.
Choice B rationale
Overproduction of insulin from the beta cells of the pancreas is not a characteristic of type 1 diabetes mellitus. In fact, type 1 diabetes involves a lack of insulin due to the destruction of beta cells.
Choice C rationale
A pituitary tumor in the brain, resulting in increased antidiuretic hormone production, is not related to the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Choice D rationale
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is indeed caused by the destruction of the beta cells within the pancreas, which results in an inability to produce insulin.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice D rationale
Fluid retention is a factor that leads to electrolyte imbalance in a client with Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH). SIADH is a condition where the body makes too much antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to water retention. This retention dilutes the blood, leading to low levels of sodium, a condition known as hyponatremia.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice D rationale
An elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level combined with decreased Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) levels is indicative of hypothyroidism. This is due to the body attempting to stimulate the underactive thyroid gland to produce more thyroid hormones (Healthline, 2022).
Choice A rationale
Hyperparathyroidism, characterized by elevated serum calcium, does not involve thyroid hormone levels (nih.gov, n.d.).
Choice B rationale
Normal thyroid functioning would not exhibit elevated TSH with decreased T3 and T4 levels (Healthline, 2022).
Choice C rationale
Hyperthyroidism would present with low TSH levels and elevated T3 and T4 levels (Studocu, n.d.).
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