Which of the following describes a congenital defect resulting in an incomplete formation of the esophagus?

Choice A rationale

The pituitary hormones releasing antidiuretic hormone in response to hypothyroid signaling, resulting in extensive diuresis, is not a known complication of myxedema. Myxedema is a severe form of hypothyroidism characterized by an underactive thyroid, not an overactive pituitary gland.

Choice B rationale

Myxedema coma, a rare but life-threatening complication of myxedema, can indeed be triggered by illness or trauma, leading to an exaggeration of hypothyroid symptoms. This can include severe hypotension, seizures, and/or coma. This condition is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment.

Choice C rationale

Over secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormones (TSH) leading to increased excretion of T3 and T4 with dangerous cardiac symptoms is not associated with myxedema. Instead, this scenario is more likely to occur in hyperthyroidism, a condition characterized by an overactive thyroid, not an underactive one.

Choice D rationale

The heart not allowing proper flow of fluid throughout the body due to elevated levels of circulating thyroid hormone is not a characteristic of myxedema. In myxedema, the levels of thyroid hormones are low, not high.

Choice A rationale

While facial puffiness, bradycardia, and lethargy can be symptoms of many conditions, they are not typically signs of Graves’ disease.

Choice B rationale

Exophthalmos (bulging eyes) and tachycardia (rapid heart rate) are typical signs of Graves’ disease.

Choice C rationale

Delayed physical and intellectual development is not typically a sign of Graves’ disease.

Choice D rationale

While a goiter (enlarged thyroid gland) is a common sign of Graves’ disease, a decreased basal metabolic rate (MBR) is not typically associated with this condition.