Which of the following describes a congenital defect resulting in an incomplete formation of the esophagus?
Hiatal hernia
Esophageal atresia
Pyloric stenosis
Cleft palate
The Correct Answer is B
Choice B rationale
Esophageal atresia is a congenital defect resulting in an incomplete formation of the esophagus, often leading to feeding difficulties and aspiration (nih.gov, n.d.).
Choice A rationale
A hiatal hernia is a protrusion of part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus, causing gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (Healthline, 2022).
Choice C rationale
Pyloric stenosis refers to a narrowing of the pyloric sphincter, resulting in difficulty emptying stomach contents (nih.gov, n.d.).
Choice D rationale
Cleft palate involves an incomplete formation of the palate, causing issues with feeding and speech development (nih.gov, n.d.).
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While insomnia can be a symptom of many conditions, it is not typically a clinical manifestation of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Choice B rationale
Electrolyte imbalance is a common clinical manifestation of CKD. This is because the kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining electrolyte balance in the body, and this function can be impaired in CKD910111213.
Choice C rationale
Weight loss can occur in CKD, but it is not one of the most common clinical manifestations3.
Choice D rationale
A normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not a clinical manifestation of CKD. In fact, a decreased GFR is one of the key indicators of CKD.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Stress incontinence is indeed due to physical stress on the bladder, while urge incontinence is due to an overactive bladder. Stress incontinence occurs when the urethral sphincter or pelvic floor muscles are weakened. This can happen due to various reasons such as childbirth, obesity, or prostate surgery. The term “stress” refers to the physical strain associated with leakage. On the other hand, urge incontinence is defined as a sudden involuntary contraction of the muscular wall of the bladder causing urinary urgency, an immediate unstoppable urge to urinate. This is often caused by an overactive bladder.
Choice B rationale
This statement is incorrect. Stress incontinence is not due to an overactive bladder, and urge incontinence is not due to physical stress on the bladder.
Choice C rationale
This statement is also incorrect. While neurological damage can potentially lead to various types of incontinence, it is not the primary cause of stress incontinence. Stress incontinence is primarily due to physical stress on the bladder.
Choice D rationale
This statement is incorrect. While neurological damage can potentially lead to urge incontinence, it is not the primary cause of stress incontinence. Stress incontinence is primarily due to physical stress on the bladder.
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