A postmenopausal client diagnosed with cystitis asks the healthcare provider why she seems susceptible to recurrent infections.
What is true about cystitis?
The prevalence in men is increased due to sexual practices
It occurs less frequently in women due to shorter urethras
Clients are often asymptomatic
Hormonal changes can alter the normal flora of the urinary tract .
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
The prevalence of cystitis is not increased in men due to sexual practices. In fact, cystitis is more common in women due to the shorter length of the female urethra, which allows bacteria easier access to the bladder28.
Choice B rationale
Cystitis does not occur less frequently in women due to shorter urethras. In fact, the shorter length of the female urethra is one reason why women are more susceptible to urinary tract infections, including cystitis28.
Choice C rationale
While some clients with cystitis may be asymptomatic, many experience symptoms such as frequent urination, discomfort during urination, and lower abdominal pain28.
Choice D rationale
Hormonal changes, particularly those associated with menopause, can alter the normal flora of the urinary tract and increase the risk of cystitis. The decrease in estrogen levels that occurs during menopause can affect the balance of bacteria in the urinary tract and make postmenopausal women more susceptible to urinary tract infections, including cystitis28.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice D rationale
An elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level combined with decreased Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) levels is indicative of hypothyroidism. This is due to the body attempting to stimulate the underactive thyroid gland to produce more thyroid hormones (Healthline, 2022).
Choice A rationale
Hyperparathyroidism, characterized by elevated serum calcium, does not involve thyroid hormone levels (nih.gov, n.d.).
Choice B rationale
Normal thyroid functioning would not exhibit elevated TSH with decreased T3 and T4 levels (Healthline, 2022).
Choice C rationale
Hyperthyroidism would present with low TSH levels and elevated T3 and T4 levels (Studocu, n.d.).
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Reflex incontinence is typically caused by neurological damage. It occurs when the nerves that control the bladder are damaged, leading to involuntary loss of urine.
Choice B rationale
Overflow incontinence is typically caused by blockage or obstruction of the bladder, or by poor bladder contraction. It is not typically caused by neurological damage.
Choice C rationale
Functional incontinence is typically caused by physical or mental impairments that prevent a person from reaching the toilet in time. It is not typically caused by neurological damage.
Choice D rationale
Stress incontinence is typically caused by physical changes such as childbirth or surgery, or by hormonal changes such as menopause. It is not typically caused by neurological damage.
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