What is the primary effect of histamine?
Decreased respiratory rate
Vasodilation
Bronchodilation
Decreased heart rate
The Correct Answer is B
A. Histamine does not primarily affect the respiratory rate; its main action is on blood vessels and smooth muscle.
B. Histamine is a chemical released during allergic reactions and inflammation, and one of its primary effects is vasodilation, which leads to increased blood flow to affected tissues. This can result in symptoms such as redness and swelling.
C. Histamine generally causes bronchoconstriction, not bronchodilation, which can lead to symptoms such as wheezing and difficulty breathing, especially in conditions like asthma.
D. Histamine does not directly affect heart rate, but it can influence blood pressure through its vasodilatory effects.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and estradiol are hormones related to sex and stress but are not primarily involved in the fight-or-flight response.
B. Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine are the key hormones released by the adrenal medulla during the fight-or-flight response. These hormones increase heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supply to prepare the body for rapid action in stressful situations. This is the correct answer.
C. Ghrelin and kisspeptin are involved in hunger and reproductive functions, not the acute stress response.
D. Insulin and glucagon are involved in regulating blood sugar, but they are not the primary hormones released during the fight-or-flight response.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Vitamin B12 is not synthesized in the skin. It is primarily absorbed through the digestive system from dietary sources such as meat and dairy products.
B. Vitamin D is synthesized in the skin when exposed to sunlight, specifically ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, which triggers the production of vitamin D3, a precursor to the active form of vitamin D.
C. Vitamin A is obtained from dietary sources, such as fruits and vegetables, and is not synthesized in the skin.
D. Vitamin K is primarily absorbed from food and produced by bacteria in the intestines, not synthesized in the skin.
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