What is the process by which a drug is transported by circulating body fluids to receptor sites?

Biotransformation

Distribution

Osmosis

Absorption

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A Reason:

Biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, is the process by which the body chemically alters a drug. This typically occurs in the liver and results in the conversion of the drug into metabolites, which can be more easily excreted from the body. Biotransformation is crucial for drug elimination but is not the process by which a drug is transported to receptor sites.

Choice B Reason:

Distribution is the correct answer. This process involves the dispersion of a drug throughout the body via the bloodstream after it has been absorbed. The drug is transported to various tissues and organs, including the target receptor sites where it exerts its therapeutic effects. Distribution is influenced by factors such as blood flow, tissue permeability, and the binding of the drug to plasma proteins.

Choice C Reason:

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. While osmosis is a fundamental biological process, it is not involved in the transport of drugs to receptor sites.

Choice D Reason:

Absorption is the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream from its site of administration. This can occur through various routes, such as oral, intravenous, or transdermal. Absorption is the initial step in drug delivery, but it is not the process by which the drug is transported to receptor sites.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Administering the drug at intervals longer than the drug half-life is not typically recommended for medications with a narrow therapeutic range. These drugs require precise dosing to maintain therapeutic levels without reaching toxic levels. Extending the dosing interval could lead to subtherapeutic levels, reducing the drug’s effectiveness.

Choice B Reason:

Teaching the patient that maximum drug effects will occur within a short period is not specific to drugs with a narrow therapeutic range. While some medications may have rapid onset of action, the critical aspect of narrow therapeutic range drugs is maintaining consistent blood levels to avoid toxicity or subtherapeutic effects.

Choice C Reason:

Administering the medication intravenously is not a requirement for all drugs with a narrow therapeutic range. While IV administration can provide precise control over drug levels, many narrow therapeutic range drugs can be administered orally or through other routes. The key is monitoring and adjusting the dose based on blood levels.

Choice D Reason:

Ordering lab tests to check blood drug levels is essential for managing medications with a narrow therapeutic range. These drugs have a small margin between therapeutic and toxic doses, so regular monitoring of blood levels helps ensure the drug remains within the safe and effective range. This practice is known as therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and is crucial for drugs like warfarin, phenytoin, and digoxin.

A. “Beta2 activation results in bronchodilation.” B. “Beta2 activation results in glycogenolysis.” C. “Beta2 activation results in vasodilation of skeletal muscles.” D. “Beta2 activation results in contraction of uterine muscle.”

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Beta2 activation results in bronchodilation. This is a well-known effect where the activation of beta2 adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscle of the airways leads to relaxation and widening of the airways, making it easier to breathe. This effect is commonly utilized in the treatment of asthma and other respiratory conditions.

Choice B Reason:

Beta2 activation also results in glycogenolysis. This process involves the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, which increases blood sugar levels. This effect is part of the body’s response to stress, providing additional energy for the “fight or flight” response.

Choice C Reason:

Beta2 activation results in vasodilation of skeletal muscles. This means that the blood vessels supplying the skeletal muscles widen, increasing blood flow to these muscles. This effect helps to deliver more oxygen and nutrients to the muscles during periods of increased activity.

Choice D Reason:

This is the correct answer. Beta2 activation does not result in the contraction of uterine muscle; rather, it causes relaxation of the uterine smooth muscle. This effect is beneficial in preventing premature labor by reducing uterine contractions. Therefore, the statement that beta2 activation results in contraction of uterine muscle is incorrect and indicates a need for further teaching.

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What is the process by which a drug is transported by circulating body fluids to receptor sites?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient receives a drug that has a narrow therapeutic range. The nurse administering this medication will expect to do what?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is explaining the activation of beta2 receptors to nursing students during a clinical rotation at the hospital. Which statement by a student demonstrates a need for further teaching?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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