What is the process by which a drug is transported by circulating body fluids to receptor sites?

Biotransformation

Distribution

Osmosis

Absorption

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A Reason:

Biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, is the process by which the body chemically alters a drug. This typically occurs in the liver and results in the conversion of the drug into metabolites, which can be more easily excreted from the body. Biotransformation is crucial for drug elimination but is not the process by which a drug is transported to receptor sites.

Choice B Reason:

Distribution is the correct answer. This process involves the dispersion of a drug throughout the body via the bloodstream after it has been absorbed. The drug is transported to various tissues and organs, including the target receptor sites where it exerts its therapeutic effects. Distribution is influenced by factors such as blood flow, tissue permeability, and the binding of the drug to plasma proteins.

Choice C Reason:

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. While osmosis is a fundamental biological process, it is not involved in the transport of drugs to receptor sites.

Choice D Reason:

Absorption is the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream from its site of administration. This can occur through various routes, such as oral, intravenous, or transdermal. Absorption is the initial step in drug delivery, but it is not the process by which the drug is transported to receptor sites.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue, usually resulting in an increase in the size of the organ or tissue. This process is often a response to a stimulus and can be physiological or pathological. However, hyperplasia does not involve the replacement of one cell type with another, as seen in this case.

Choice B Reason:

Dysplasia is characterized by abnormal growth and development of cells within tissues or organs. It often indicates a precancerous condition and involves changes in cell size, shape, and organization. While dysplasia can occur in the respiratory tract, it does not describe the replacement of one type of epithelial cell with another.

Choice C Reason:

This is the correct answer. Metaplasia is the process by which one type of adult cell is replaced by another type of adult cell that is not typical for that tissue. In this case, the normal columnar ciliated cells in the bronchial airway have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells, a common adaptation in response to chronic irritation from smoking.

Choice D Reason:

Hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of cells, leading to an increase in the size of the affected organ or tissue. This process does not involve a change in cell type, making it an incorrect choice for this scenario.

A. Move Na inside the cell B. Move K out of the cell C. Move Na out of the cell D. Move Na and K inside the cell

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A: Move Na Inside the Cell

The primary function of the Na-K pump, also known as the sodium-potassium pump, is to move sodium (Na) ions out of the cell, not into the cell. This pump actively transports three sodium ions out of the cell for every two potassium ions it brings in. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

Choice B: Move K Out of the Cell

The Na-K pump moves potassium (K) ions into the cell, not out of the cell. This active transport mechanism helps maintain the necessary concentration gradients of sodium and potassium across the cell membrane, which are crucial for various cellular functions, including maintaining the resting membrane potential.

Choice C: Move Na Out of the Cell

The main function of the Na-K pump is to move sodium ions out of the cell. For every cycle of the pump, three sodium ions are exported out of the cell, and two potassium ions are imported into the cell. This process is essential for maintaining the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane, which is vital for nerve impulse transmission, muscle contraction, and overall cellular homeostasis.

Choice D: Move Na and K Inside the Cell

This choice is incorrect because the Na-K pump does not move both sodium and potassium ions inside the cell. Instead, it moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. This active transport mechanism is crucial for maintaining the proper ionic balance and membrane potential necessary for various physiological processes.

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What is the process by which a drug is transported by circulating body fluids to receptor sites?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

What is the main function of the Na-K pump at the cellular level?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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What is the process by which a drug is transported by circulating body fluids to receptor sites?