What is the process by which a drug is transported by circulating body fluids to receptor sites?
Biotransformation
Distribution
Osmosis
Absorption
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A Reason:
Biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, is the process by which the body chemically alters a drug. This typically occurs in the liver and results in the conversion of the drug into metabolites, which can be more easily excreted from the body. Biotransformation is crucial for drug elimination but is not the process by which a drug is transported to receptor sites.
Choice B Reason:
Distribution is the correct answer. This process involves the dispersion of a drug throughout the body via the bloodstream after it has been absorbed. The drug is transported to various tissues and organs, including the target receptor sites where it exerts its therapeutic effects. Distribution is influenced by factors such as blood flow, tissue permeability, and the binding of the drug to plasma proteins.
Choice C Reason:
Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration. While osmosis is a fundamental biological process, it is not involved in the transport of drugs to receptor sites.
Choice D Reason:
Absorption is the process by which a drug enters the bloodstream from its site of administration. This can occur through various routes, such as oral, intravenous, or transdermal. Absorption is the initial step in drug delivery, but it is not the process by which the drug is transported to receptor sites.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
An increase in HCO3- (bicarbonate) is not typically associated with diarrhea and lower intestinal fluid losses. In fact, the opposite is true. Diarrhea often leads to a loss of bicarbonate, which can result in metabolic acidosis. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
Choice B Reason:
This is the correct answer. Diarrhea and other lower intestinal fluid losses lead to a decrease in HCO3- levels. The loss of bicarbonate from the body results in a lower pH, contributing to metabolic acidosis. This condition occurs because bicarbonate is a key buffer that helps maintain the acid-base balance in the blood.
Choice C Reason:
An increase in the chance of alkalosis is not typically associated with diarrhea. Alkalosis refers to a condition where the pH of the blood is higher than normal, which can occur due to a loss of hydrogen ions or an increase in bicarbonate. However, diarrhea usually causes a loss of bicarbonate, leading to acidosis rather than alkalosis.
Choice D Reason:
Saying that diarrhea has no effect on the pH of the blood is incorrect. Diarrhea can significantly impact the acid-base balance in the body by causing a loss of bicarbonate, leading to metabolic acidosis. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A: Minimal Effect on Vessels
A reduction in blood pH, which indicates acidosis, does not have a minimal effect on blood vessels. Acidosis can significantly impact vascular tone and function. Therefore, this choice is incorrect as it underestimates the physiological changes that occur in response to a decrease in pH.
Choice B: No Effect on Vessels
Similarly, stating that a reduction in blood pH has no effect on vessels is inaccurate. Blood pH is tightly regulated, and deviations from the normal range (7.35-7.45) can lead to significant physiological responses. Acidosis can alter vascular tone, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C: Vasodilation
While vasodilation can occur in response to certain conditions, a reduction in blood pH typically leads to vasoconstriction rather than vasodilation. Vasodilation is more commonly associated with an increase in blood pH (alkalosis) or other factors such as increased levels of nitric oxide or prostaglandins.
Choice D: Vasoconstriction
When the pH of blood reduces, indicating acidosis, it often leads to vasoconstriction. This response is mediated by chemoreceptors that detect changes in pH and stimulate the vasomotor center to increase vascular tone. Vasoconstriction helps to maintain blood pressure and ensure adequate perfusion of vital organs during acidosis. Therefore, this is the correct answer.
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