What manifestation is consistent with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)?
Hyponatremia
Hyperkalemia
Hyperglycemia
Hypertension
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: SIADH causes excessive antidiuretic hormone, leading to water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. Low serum sodium results from increased water reabsorption in the kidneys, causing neurological symptoms, making this the correct manifestation.
Choice B reason: Hyperkalemia is not associated with SIADH, which affects water balance, not potassium. Potassium imbalances occur in adrenal or renal disorders, not SIADH’s water retention mechanism, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Hyperglycemia is unrelated to SIADH, which involves water retention and sodium dilution. Glucose levels are affected by diabetes, not antidiuretic hormone dysfunction, making this choice incorrect for SIADH manifestations.
Choice D reason: Hypertension may occur in SIADH due to fluid overload, but it is not the primary manifestation. Hyponatremia is more specific, as water retention directly dilutes sodium, making this choice incorrect.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Acidosis does not enhance gastrointestinal potassium absorption. Hyperkalemia in acidosis results from cellular shifts, not increased absorption, as hydrogen ions affect potassium movement, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Acidosis does not increase renal potassium excretion; it causes hyperkalemia by shifting potassium out of cells. Hypokalemia may occur in alkalosis, not acidosis, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Acidosis causes hyperkalemia as excess hydrogen ions enter cells to buffer pH, displacing potassium into the bloodstream. This cellular shift elevates serum potassium, making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Acidosis promotes potassium release from cells, not uptake, causing hyperkalemia. Hypokalemia occurs in alkalosis, where potassium enters cells, making this choice incorrect for acidosis effects.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Chronic renal failure typically causes hypocalcemia due to reduced vitamin D activation and phosphate retention, not increased serum calcium. Kidneys fail to regulate calcium homeostasis, leading to bone and mineral disorders, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) indicates healthy kidney function. Chronic renal failure is defined by decreased GFR, as nephrons are progressively damaged, reducing filtration capacity, making this choice incorrect for the condition.
Choice C reason: Chronic renal failure causes anemia due to decreased erythropoietin production, leading to low hemoglobin levels. Increased hemoglobin is not expected, as kidney dysfunction impairs red blood cell production, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Chronic renal failure impairs potassium excretion, leading to hyperkalemia (increased serum potassium). Damaged kidneys cannot filter potassium effectively, causing accumulation, which can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, making this the correct laboratory finding.
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