What type of cells secrete insulin?
Alpha cells
Beta cells
Acinar cells
Plasma cells
The Correct Answer is B
B. Beta cells are the pancreatic cells responsible for secreting insulin. Insulin acts to lower blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy or storage. In individuals with diabetes mellitus, dysfunction of beta cells can lead to inadequate insulin secretion, resulting in high blood sugar levels.
A. Alpha cells are another type of cell in the pancreas, but they secrete glucagon, not insulin. Glucagon has the opposite effect of insulin, increasing blood sugar levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen in the liver.
C. Acinar cells are exocrine cells found in the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ducts. These enzymes aid in the digestion of food in the small intestine. Acinar cells are not involved in the production of insulin.
D. Plasma cells are a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies as part of the immune response. They are not involved in the production of insulin.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
C. Medical nutrition therapy for diabetes involves creating a well-balanced, individualized meal plan that meets the patient's nutritional needs while helping to manage blood glucose levels. This approach can be healthy for the entire family and does not require separate meals or special foods. It promotes overall healthy eating habits that everyone can benefit from.
A. Low-carbohydrate diets may be considered for some patients but the emphasis of a diabetic diet is not necessarily on high-protein intake. Instead, the focus is on balanced meals that include appropriate amounts of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
B. People with diabetes do not require special foods; rather, they need to make healthier choices from the foods available. The emphasis is on a balanced diet that can include regular foods, with modifications to portion sizes and meal timing to manage blood glucose levels effectively.
D. It is not necessary to completely avoid sugars and fats; rather, the focus should be on moderating intake and choosing healthier options. For example, limiting added sugars and unhealthy fats (like trans fats and saturated fats) is important, but healthy fats (such as those from nuts, seeds, and avocados) can be part of a balanced diet.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. Severe upper abdominal pain is a hallmark symptom of gastrointestinal perforation. Perforation can lead to the leakage of gastric contents into the peritoneal cavity, causing intense, sharp pain in the upper abdomen. The pain may be sudden and severe and can radiate to the back or shoulders.
A. Bradycardia, or a slow heart rate, is not typically associated with gastrointestinal perforation. Instead, tachycardia (rapid heart rate) is more commonly observed due to the body's response to shock or inflammation caused by perforation.
C. Hyperactive bowel sounds are more commonly associated with conditions such as gastroenteritis or bowel obstruction. In the case of gastrointestinal perforation, bowel sounds may initially be normal but can eventually become absent due to peritoneal irritation and subsequent paralytic ileus.
D. Epigastric fullness may be present in peptic ulcer disease but is not a specific manifestation of gastrointestinal perforation. Perforation is more likely to present with severe, acute pain rather than a sensation of fullness.
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