What is a characteristic of autosomal dominant disorders?
Females are carriers when heterozygous, while males show signs of the disorder.
These disorders are carried on the Y chromosome and can skip generations.
An affected parent has a 50% probability of passing the disorder to each child.
There is a 50% probability that each child will be born with the carrier genotype.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Autosomal dominant disorders affect both genders equally, as they are not sex-linked. Heterozygous individuals express the disorder, not just males, due to the dominant allele on an autosome. The idea of females being carriers only applies to X-linked recessive disorders, making this choice scientifically inaccurate.
Choice B reason: Autosomal dominant disorders are caused by mutations on autosomes, not the Y chromosome, which is sex-linked and primarily affects males. These disorders do not typically skip generations, as the dominant allele is expressed in every affected individual, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: In autosomal dominant disorders, a single mutated allele is sufficient for expression. An affected parent (heterozygous) has one normal and one mutated allele, leading to a 50% chance of passing the mutated allele to each child, causing the disorder. This genetic inheritance pattern makes this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: In autosomal dominant disorders, there is no "carrier" state as in recessive disorders, because heterozygous individuals express the disorder. The 50% probability applies to inheriting the disorder itself, not a carrier genotype, which is a concept relevant to autosomal recessive disorders, making this choice incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Stabilizing the wrist with an elastic wrap supports the injured ligaments, reducing movement and further damage. It promotes healing by maintaining alignment, making this a correct action for acute wrist sprain management.
Choice B reason: Applying a warm pack increases blood flow, which may worsen swelling in an acute sprain. Cold therapy is recommended to reduce inflammation and pain, making this choice incorrect for acute sprain management.
Choice C reason: Elevating the wrist above the heart reduces swelling by decreasing hydrostatic pressure, allowing fluid to drain from the injury site. This minimizes edema, making this a correct action for acute wrist sprain.
Choice D reason: Frequent massage may aggravate an acute sprain by increasing inflammation and pain. Rest and immobilization are preferred to promote healing, making this choice incorrect for acute wrist sprain management.
Choice E reason: Resting the wrist prevents further injury to damaged ligaments, allowing healing and reducing inflammation. Avoiding strain is critical in acute sprains, making this a correct action for wrist sprain recovery.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Coronary artery vasospasm causes transient vessel constriction, reducing blood flow to the myocardium, leading to ischemia and potentially infarction. This is a recognized cause, particularly in variant angina, making this a correct mechanism for myocardial infarction.
Choice B reason: A thrombus forming in a coronary artery, often due to plaque rupture, obstructs blood flow, causing myocardial ischemia and infarction. This is the most common cause of myocardial infarction, making this a correct mechanism.
Choice C reason: Chest wall bruising from trauma does not directly cause myocardial infarction, which requires coronary artery occlusion. Trauma may cause cardiac contusion but not infarction, making this choice incorrect for myocardial infarction development.
Choice D reason: An embolus, such as from a clot elsewhere, can block a coronary artery, stopping blood flow to the myocardium, causing infarction. Though less common than thrombosis, it is a valid mechanism, making this a correct choice.
Choice E reason: Systemic infection with hyperthermia does not directly cause myocardial infarction. It may increase cardiac demand, potentially exacerbating ischemia, but infarction requires coronary occlusion, not just fever, making this choice incorrect.
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