What is a characteristic of autosomal dominant disorders?
Females are carriers when heterozygous, while males show signs of the disorder.
These disorders are carried on the Y chromosome and can skip generations.
An affected parent has a 50% probability of passing the disorder to each child.
There is a 50% probability that each child will be born with the carrier genotype.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Autosomal dominant disorders affect both genders equally, as they are not sex-linked. Heterozygous individuals express the disorder, not just males, due to the dominant allele on an autosome. The idea of females being carriers only applies to X-linked recessive disorders, making this choice scientifically inaccurate.
Choice B reason: Autosomal dominant disorders are caused by mutations on autosomes, not the Y chromosome, which is sex-linked and primarily affects males. These disorders do not typically skip generations, as the dominant allele is expressed in every affected individual, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: In autosomal dominant disorders, a single mutated allele is sufficient for expression. An affected parent (heterozygous) has one normal and one mutated allele, leading to a 50% chance of passing the mutated allele to each child, causing the disorder. This genetic inheritance pattern makes this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: In autosomal dominant disorders, there is no "carrier" state as in recessive disorders, because heterozygous individuals express the disorder. The 50% probability applies to inheriting the disorder itself, not a carrier genotype, which is a concept relevant to autosomal recessive disorders, making this choice incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Pernicious anemia, caused by vitamin B12 deficiency from lack of intrinsic factor, leads to neurological damage, causing paresthesia (tingling/numbness). This is specific due to demyelination of peripheral nerves, making this the correct manifestation.
Choice B reason: Jaundice occurs in hemolytic anemias due to red cell breakdown, not pernicious anemia. B12 deficiency causes megaloblastic anemia without significant hemolysis, making jaundice non-specific and incorrect for this condition.
Choice C reason: Thrombocytopenia, low platelet count, is not specific to pernicious anemia. It may occur in other conditions but not typically in B12 deficiency, which primarily affects red cells, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Severe pain is not a specific feature of pernicious anemia. It may occur in sickle cell anemia or other conditions, but B12 deficiency causes neurological symptoms like paresthesia, making this choice incorrect.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Addison’s disease causes adrenal insufficiency, reducing aldosterone, leading to sodium loss and decreased blood volume, causing hypotension. This is a hallmark symptom due to impaired vascular tone, making this the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Hyperglycemia is not typical in Addison’s disease. Cortisol deficiency may cause hypoglycemia due to reduced gluconeogenesis, not elevated glucose, making this choice incorrect for Addison’s manifestations.
Choice C reason: Weight gain is not associated with Addison’s disease, which causes weight loss due to reduced cortisol, leading to decreased appetite and metabolism. This makes the choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Hypernatremia does not occur in Addison’s disease. Aldosterone deficiency causes sodium loss, leading to hyponatremia, not elevated sodium, making this choice incorrect for Addison’s disease.
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