What is a characteristic of autosomal dominant disorders?
Females are carriers when heterozygous, while males show signs of the disorder.
These disorders are carried on the Y chromosome and can skip generations.
An affected parent has a 50% probability of passing the disorder to each child.
There is a 50% probability that each child will be born with the carrier genotype.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Autosomal dominant disorders affect both genders equally, as they are not sex-linked. Heterozygous individuals express the disorder, not just males, due to the dominant allele on an autosome. The idea of females being carriers only applies to X-linked recessive disorders, making this choice scientifically inaccurate.
Choice B reason: Autosomal dominant disorders are caused by mutations on autosomes, not the Y chromosome, which is sex-linked and primarily affects males. These disorders do not typically skip generations, as the dominant allele is expressed in every affected individual, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: In autosomal dominant disorders, a single mutated allele is sufficient for expression. An affected parent (heterozygous) has one normal and one mutated allele, leading to a 50% chance of passing the mutated allele to each child, causing the disorder. This genetic inheritance pattern makes this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: In autosomal dominant disorders, there is no "carrier" state as in recessive disorders, because heterozygous individuals express the disorder. The 50% probability applies to inheriting the disorder itself, not a carrier genotype, which is a concept relevant to autosomal recessive disorders, making this choice incorrect.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Compression stockings promote venous return, preventing blood stasis and deep vein thrombosis, a common immobility complication. They support circulation in immobile limbs, making this a correct preventive action.
Choice B reason: Adequate hydration prevents dehydration, maintaining blood fluidity and reducing clot risk. It also supports urinary and bowel function, preventing complications like constipation, making this a correct action for immobility.
Choice C reason: Avoiding high-fiber foods increases constipation risk, a complication of immobility. High-fiber diets promote bowel motility, so this choice is incorrect as it worsens, not prevents, immobility complications.
Choice D reason: Weight-bearing exercise maintains muscle and bone strength, preventing atrophy and osteoporosis in immobility. It also improves circulation, reducing clot risk, making this a correct preventive action.
Choice E reason: Deep breathing exercises prevent atelectasis and pneumonia by promoting lung expansion and mucus clearance in immobile individuals, improving oxygenation and reducing infection risk, making this a correct action.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Portal hypertension from liver cirrhosis increases pressure in the portal vein, causing fluid leakage into the peritoneal cavity, leading to ascites. This occurs due to impaired liver function, reduced albumin, and increased hydrostatic pressure, making ascites a common manifestation and the correct choice.
Choice B reason: Hypoalbuminemia results from liver cirrhosis due to decreased hepatic protein synthesis but is not a direct manifestation of portal hypertension. It contributes to ascites by reducing oncotic pressure but is a separate consequence of liver dysfunction, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Hypoglycemia is not typically caused by portal hypertension. Cirrhosis may impair glucose regulation due to reduced glycogen storage, but portal hypertension primarily affects vascular dynamics, leading to ascites or varices, not low blood sugar, making this choice incorrect.
Choice D reason: Hyperkalemia is not a direct result of portal hypertension. Cirrhosis may cause electrolyte imbalances indirectly, but portal hypertension primarily leads to fluid shifts and vascular complications like ascites, not potassium elevation, making this choice incorrect for the described condition.
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