Which activity would the nurse least likely include as exemplifying the preconceptual phase of Piaget's preoperational stage?

A. Need for increased caloric intake

While toddlers may require adequate nutrition, emphasizing the need for increased caloric intake without individualized assessment and guidance may not be appropriate for all children.

B. Management of tantrums

Toddlers commonly experience tantrums as part of their development. Teaching parents effective strategies for managing and responding to tantrums can help promote positive behavior and reduce stress for both the child and the parents.

C. Dental care

Promoting good oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste and routine dental check-ups, is essential for maintaining the toddler's oral health.

D. How to establish trust

While establishing trust is important for the parent-child relationship, this aspect of teaching may be more applicable to infants rather than toddlers who are already in the process of developing

trust with their caregivers.

E. How to encourage cooperative play

Encouraging cooperative play helps foster social skills, sharing, and cooperation in toddlers. Providing guidance on facilitating playdates, sharing toys, and resolving conflicts can support healthy social development.

A. Use mummy restraints during painful procedures: Using restraints may increase the child's anxiety and resistance, exacerbating the fear of procedures. It is important to minimize any factors that may increase the child's distress during procedures.

B. Perform the procedure as quickly as possiblE. While it is important to minimize the duration of procedures to reduce discomfort, rushing the procedure excessively may increase the child's

anxiety and make the experience more traumatic. A balance should be struck between efficiency and ensuring the child feels comfortable and secure.

C. Have a parent stay with the child during procedures: Having a familiar caregiver present can provide comfort and reassurance to the child during procedures. The presence of a parent can help the child feel safe and supported, reducing anxiety and fear.

D. Cluster invasive procedures whenever possiblE. Clustering invasive procedures minimizes the frequency of painful experiences for the child, reducing overall distress and anxiety. This approach also allows the child to have longer periods of comfort between procedures.

E. Allow the child to keep a toy from home with her: Providing a familiar toy or comfort item can serve as a distraction and source of comfort for the child during procedures. Allowing the child to hold onto something familiar can help reduce anxiety and provide a sense of security.