Which formula should be used to calculate a prevalence rate?
Number of new cases + number of old cases in a period of time / the total population x base multiple of 10
Number of true positives / number of true positives + number of false negatives
Number of true negatives / number of true negatives + number of false positives
Number of new cases in a period of time / total population x base multiple of 10
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Prevalence measures all cases (new and existing) of a disease in a population at a given time. This formula captures total burden, like diabetes cases, divided by population, adjusted by a base (e.g., 1000), reflecting overall disease presence accurately.
Choice B reason: This formula calculates sensitivity, not prevalence. It’s used in diagnostics to assess true positive rates for diseases like cancer against missed cases, focusing on test accuracy, not the total number of affected individuals in a population over time.
Choice C reason: This represents specificity, evaluating true negatives in diagnostic testing, not prevalence. It’s relevant for ruling out disease, like tuberculosis, but doesn’t quantify how many people currently have it within a population, missing the broader epidemiological scope entirely.
Choice D reason: This defines incidence, not prevalence, counting only new cases over time, like annual flu cases. It excludes existing cases, underrepresenting the total disease load in a population, which prevalence aims to capture comprehensively for health planning.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Mandatory school vaccination laws drastically cut disease rates. This fits public health history. It’s universally recognized, distinctly effective policy.
Choice B reason: Answering questions helps, but laws enforce vaccination broadly. This errors in impact scope. It’s universally distinct, less instrumental.
Choice C reason: Small fees aid access; mandatory laws ensure compliance. This misaligns with historical success. It’s universally distinct, not primary.
Choice D reason: Provider education supports; legislation drives widespread immunization. This errors per public health impact. It’s universally distinct, secondary.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Hugging spreads via contact, not a vector like mosquitoes. This errors per epidemiology standards. It’s universally distinct, not vector-borne transmission.
Choice B reason: Sharing a glass is direct contact, not vector-related. Mosquito bites are vectors. This misaligns with nursing knowledge. It’s universally distinct, off-mode.
Choice C reason: Placental spread is vertical, not vector-based like mosquitoes. This errors per public health definitions. It’s universally distinct, different transmission type.
Choice D reason: Mosquito bites are classic vector transmission for diseases. This fits epidemiology standards precisely. It’s universally recognized, distinctly accurate for vectors.
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