Which formula should be used to calculate a prevalence rate?

Number of new cases + number of old cases in a period of time / the total population x base multiple of 10

Number of true positives / number of true positives + number of false negatives

Number of true negatives / number of true negatives + number of false positives

Number of new cases in a period of time / total population x base multiple of 10

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Prevalence measures all cases (new and existing) of a disease in a population at a given time. This formula captures total burden, like diabetes cases, divided by population, adjusted by a base (e.g., 1000), reflecting overall disease presence accurately.

Choice B reason: This formula calculates sensitivity, not prevalence. It’s used in diagnostics to assess true positive rates for diseases like cancer against missed cases, focusing on test accuracy, not the total number of affected individuals in a population over time.

Choice C reason: This represents specificity, evaluating true negatives in diagnostic testing, not prevalence. It’s relevant for ruling out disease, like tuberculosis, but doesn’t quantify how many people currently have it within a population, missing the broader epidemiological scope entirely.

Choice D reason: This defines incidence, not prevalence, counting only new cases over time, like annual flu cases. It excludes existing cases, underrepresenting the total disease load in a population, which prevalence aims to capture comprehensively for health planning.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Primary prevents disease; helmet use manages diabetes complications. This errors per public health standards. It’s universally distinct, pre-disease focus.

Choice B reason: Secondary screens; helmet education aids existing diabetes. This misaligns with nursing definitions. It’s universally distinct, not detection-based.

Choice C reason: Tertiary prevents complications in diagnosed diabetics, like injury. This fits public health standards. It’s universally applied, distinctly post-diagnosis care.

Choice D reason: Policy isn’t prevention; helmet use is tertiary. This errors per nursing standards. It’s universally distinct, not a prevention level.

A. Attempt communication using an English-Spanish phrase book. B. Obtain an interpreter to translate. C. Emphatically state, "No hablo Español" (I don’t speak Spanish). D. Call the local hospital and arrange a referral.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Phrase books lack accuracy; interpreters ensure clear communication. This errors per nursing standards. It’s universally distinct, less effective.

Choice B reason: Interpreters provide accurate, culturally competent communication, per nursing standards. This aligns with best practice. It’s universally applied, distinctly optimal.

Choice C reason: Stating no Spanish doesn’t help; interpreters solve barriers. This misaligns with nursing care. It’s universally distinct, unhelpful action.

Choice D reason: Referral delays care; interpreters address immediate needs. This errors per public health standards. It’s universally distinct, indirect.

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Which formula should be used to calculate a prevalence rate?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The public health nurse is working with a type 2 diabetic and is providing education on the importance of using a helmet while riding a bicycle for exercise. This is an example of which level of prevention?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A Spanish-speaking family comes to the public health department. No one in the family speaks English, and nobody at the health department speaks Spanish. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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