How does acidosis affect potassium levels in the body?
Acidosis causes hyperkalemia by enhancing the gastrointestinal absorption of potassium.
Acidosis causes hypokalemia by increasing the kidneys' excretion of excess potassium.
Acidosis causes hyperkalemia by hydrogen ions displacing potassium from the cells.
Acidosis causes hypokalemia by promoting potassium uptake by the body's cells.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Acidosis does not enhance gastrointestinal potassium absorption. Hyperkalemia in acidosis results from cellular shifts, not increased absorption, as hydrogen ions affect potassium movement, making this choice incorrect.
Choice B reason: Acidosis does not increase renal potassium excretion; it causes hyperkalemia by shifting potassium out of cells. Hypokalemia may occur in alkalosis, not acidosis, making this choice incorrect.
Choice C reason: Acidosis causes hyperkalemia as excess hydrogen ions enter cells to buffer pH, displacing potassium into the bloodstream. This cellular shift elevates serum potassium, making this the correct choice.
Choice D reason: Acidosis promotes potassium release from cells, not uptake, causing hyperkalemia. Hypokalemia occurs in alkalosis, where potassium enters cells, making this choice incorrect for acidosis effects.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Overinflated alveoli and air trapping occur in emphysema or COPD, not atelectasis. Atelectasis involves alveolar collapse, reducing lung volume and gas exchange, not overinflation, making this choice incorrect for the pathophysiology of atelectasis.
Choice B reason: Atelectasis is the collapse of alveoli, often due to obstruction, compression, or surfactant deficiency, impairing ventilation and perfusion. This reduces gas exchange, causing hypoxia, and matches the pathophysiological process, making this the correct choice for atelectasis.
Choice C reason: Inflammation of the bronchi (bronchitis) involves airway inflammation, not alveolar collapse. Atelectasis results from physical collapse of alveoli, not primarily inflammatory processes, making this choice incorrect for atelectasis’s pathophysiology.
Choice D reason: Inflammatory congestion in alveoli describes pneumonia or pulmonary edema, not atelectasis. Atelectasis involves alveolar collapse, reducing ventilation without primary inflammation or fluid accumulation, making this choice incorrect for the described process.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: A vesicle is a small, elevated, thin-walled lesion filled with clear fluid, typically less than 1 cm, seen in conditions like herpes or contact dermatitis. This matches the description perfectly, making it the correct choice for the lesion.
Choice B reason: A pustule is an elevated lesion filled with pus, not clear fluid, indicating infection or inflammation. The description specifies clear fluid, not purulent content, making pustule incorrect for the described skin lesion.
Choice C reason: A macule is a flat, non-elevated skin lesion with color change, like a freckle, not containing fluid. The description of an elevated, fluid-filled lesion does not match, making macule incorrect for this scenario.
Choice D reason: A nodule is a solid, elevated lesion deeper in the skin, not thin-walled or fluid-filled. The description of a clear fluid-filled, elevated lesion does not fit a nodule’s characteristics, making this choice incorrect.
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