Which of the following diseases is most likely the cause of your patient's barrel chest?
Emphysema
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
The Correct Answer is A
A. Emphysema, a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is the most common cause of a barrel chest. It occurs due to the destruction of the alveoli, leading to air trapping and overinflation of the lungs, which causes the chest to take on a rounded, barrel-like appearance.
B. Pneumonia typically causes acute symptoms like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, but it does not cause the chronic lung changes that result in a barrel chest.
C. Tuberculosis can cause lung damage, but it does not typically result in the barrel chest shape. It is more associated with symptoms like cough, hemoptysis, and weight loss.
D. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute condition involving rapid onset of severe respiratory distress, often due to trauma or infection. It does not cause the chronic structural changes seen in a barrel chest.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients typically lose more salt through sweat, so they need extra salt in their diet, not a restriction. Restricting salt is not recommended for CF patients.
B. Limiting fluid intake is not appropriate for CF patients, as they often require adequate hydration to help thin mucus and improve respiratory function.
C. CF patients need a high-calorie, high-fat, and high-protein diet to support their increased metabolic demands and to help with nutrient absorption, as they often have malabsorption issues. Low-fat meals are not recommended.
D. Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is essential for CF patients because their pancreas does not produce enough enzymes to properly digest food. These enzymes should be taken with meals and snacks to aid digestion and nutrient absorption.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Dehydration is a major risk factor for renal calculi (kidney stones). When there is insufficient fluid intake, urine becomes concentrated, allowing substances like calcium, oxalate, and uric acid to crystallize and form stones.
B. A sedentary lifestyle can contribute to weight gain and other health issues, but it is not directly linked to the formation of kidney stones.
C. Drinking 32 ounces of milk per day is not a significant risk factor for kidney stones. In fact, moderate calcium intake from food can help prevent certain types of stones. Excessive calcium intake from supplements, however, can increase the risk.
D. Running 5 miles does not directly increase the risk of kidney stones. Regular physical activity, in general, helps promote overall health and hydration, which can reduce the risk of stone formation.
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