Which of the following has the highest risk for EPS?
aripiprazole (Abilify)
clozapine (Clozaril)
lurasidone (Latuda)
haloperidol (Haldol)
The Correct Answer is D
A. Aripiprazole (Abilify) is a second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic with a lower risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) due to its partial dopamine agonist mechanism. It has a lower incidence of tardive dyskinesia and dystonia compared to typical antipsychotics.
B. Clozapine (Clozaril) has the lowest risk of EPS among antipsychotics because it weakly blocks D2 receptors and primarily targets serotonin (5-HT2A) receptors. However, it carries a high risk of agranulocytosis, sedation, and metabolic syndrome.
C. Lurasidone (Latuda) is a second-generation antipsychotic with a moderate risk of EPS, particularly akathisia (restlessness). However, it has a lower risk than first-generation (typical) antipsychotics like haloperidol.
D. Haloperidol (Haldol) is a first-generation (typical) antipsychotic with a high risk of EPS due to its strong dopamine (D2) receptor blockade. It is associated with dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia, making it the antipsychotic with the highest EPS risk in this list.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Stereotypic movements. Repetitive motor behaviors, such as hand-flapping, rocking, and spinning, are characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These stereotypic movements serve as self-stimulatory behaviors and may help regulate sensory input.
B. Restricted interest. Individuals with ASD often display intense, fixated interests in specific topics or objects (e.g., an obsession with maps, numbers, or train schedules). These restricted interests are highly focused and often interfere with daily functioning.
C. Social communication deficit. Impaired social interaction and communication are core features of ASD. Affected individuals struggle with understanding social cues, making eye contact, interpreting facial expressions, and engaging in reciprocal conversations.
D. Receptive language dysfunction. While language delays can be present in ASD, receptive language dysfunction (difficulty understanding spoken language) is more characteristic of specific language impairment (SLI) or aphasia rather than ASD. In ASD, deficits in pragmatic (social) communication are more pronounced than in purely receptive language processing.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Clozapine (Clozaril) does not require food for absorption, but it has a high risk of sedation, weight gain, and metabolic side effects. It also requires regular blood monitoring due to the risk of agranulocytosis.
B. Aripiprazole (Abilify) can be taken with or without food, as food does not significantly affect its absorption. It is a partial dopamine agonist, associated with a lower risk of weight gain and metabolic issues compared to other atypical antipsychotics.
C. Lurasidone (Latuda) must be taken with at least 350 calories of food to ensure proper absorption. Taking it on an empty stomach reduces its bioavailability, making it less effective. It is considered a weight-neutral antipsychotic and has a lower risk of metabolic side effects.
D. Haloperidol (Haldol) does not require food for absorption. It is a first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) with a high risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) but minimal metabolic effects.
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