Which of the following is a common cause of urinary incontinence?

Weak pelvic floor muscles

Excessive fluid intake

Poor perineal care after stool incontinence

High levels of bladder pressure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice a reason: Weak pelvic floor muscles are a common cause of urinary incontinence. These muscles support the bladder and urethra, and when they are weakened, it can lead to involuntary leakage of urine, especially during activities that increase abdominal pressure, such as coughing, sneezing, or lifting. Strengthening these muscles through exercises like Kegels can help improve urinary control.
Choice b reason: Excessive fluid intake can lead to increased urine production and a higher frequency of urination, but it is not a direct cause of urinary incontinence. Proper hydration is important for overall health, and excessive fluid intake alone does not weaken the mechanisms that control urine flow.
Choice c reason: Poor perineal care after stool incontinence can lead to infections and skin irritation but is not a direct cause of urinary incontinence. Maintaining good hygiene is crucial for preventing complications and infections, but it does not impact the muscular control of the bladder and urethra.
Choice d reason: High levels of bladder pressure can contribute to urgency and frequency but are not typically classified as a common cause of urinary incontinence. Conditions that lead to increased bladder pressure, such as bladder obstruction or overactive bladder, may result in symptoms that overlap with incontinence, but they are distinct in their causes and management.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice a reason: Dehydration is a significant risk factor for the formation of renal calculi (kidney stones). When the body is dehydrated, urine becomes concentrated with minerals and salts, which can crystallize and form stones. Ensuring adequate hydration is crucial in preventing kidney stone formation, as it helps to dilute the urine and flush out potential stone-forming substances.
Choice b reason: Protein in the urine, or proteinuria, is not a direct cause of kidney stones. Proteinuria can indicate underlying kidney disease or damage but is not typically linked to the formation of kidney stones. Monitoring protein levels in the urine is important for overall kidney health, but it is not a primary factor in stone formation.
Choice c reason: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of kidney stones. Obesity can lead to changes in the body's metabolism and increase the excretion of certain substances, such as calcium and oxalate, which can contribute to stone formation. Maintaining a healthy weight through diet and exercise can help reduce the risk of developing kidney stones.
Choice d reason: Iron deficiency is not a known risk factor for the formation of kidney stones. While maintaining adequate iron levels is important for overall health, it does not have a direct impact on the formation of renal calculi. Other dietary and metabolic factors play a more significant role in stone development.

A. Laboratory results indicating a high level of an aminoglycoside B. A tumor obstruction diagnosed as being present in the right ureter C. A family history of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) D. Impaired blood flow to the kidneys

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice a reason: Laboratory results indicating a high level of an aminoglycoside can point to nephrotoxicity, which is a type of intrinsic renal injury. Aminoglycosides are antibiotics that can be toxic to the kidneys, causing damage to renal tissues. This condition is different from prerenal injury, which is related to reduced blood flow to the kidneys, not direct damage from toxins.
Choice b reason: A tumor obstruction in the right ureter is indicative of postrenal injury, which occurs due to obstruction of urine flow anywhere along the urinary tract. This kind of injury does not fall under the category of prerenal injury, which is due to factors causing reduced perfusion to the kidneys.
Choice c reason: A family history of polycystic kidney disease (PKD) suggests a genetic predisposition to intrinsic renal disease. PKD is a hereditary condition that leads to the formation of cysts in the kidneys, eventually impairing their function. This type of injury is not prerenal, as it results from structural abnormalities within the kidney itself.
Choice d reason: Impaired blood flow to the kidneys is the hallmark of prerenal injury. Prerenal injuries are caused by conditions that reduce renal perfusion, such as dehydration, heart failure, or shock. When the kidneys receive insufficient blood flow, they cannot function properly, leading to symptoms of renal insufficiency. Addressing the underlying cause to restore adequate blood flow is crucial in managing prerenal injury.

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Which of the following is a common cause of urinary incontinence?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is scheduled for lithotripsy about conditions that can contribute to the formation of renal calculi. Which of the following conditions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The nurse is collecting data on a patient admitted for symptoms of renal insufficiency. Which factor will cause the nurse to suspect prerenal injury?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the medication history of a client. The nurse should identify that which of the following medications places the client at risk for hypokalemia?

Which of the following is a sign of cystitis?

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Which of the following nursing interventions is appropriate for managing urinary incontinence?

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