Which of the following is caused by the release of insulin?

A. Increased total body water due to an increase in muscle mass is incorrect because muscle tissue holds more water than fat tissue, but as people age, they typically lose muscle mass, not gain it.

B. Decreased total body water due to a decrease in muscle mass is correct. As people age, muscle mass generally decreases, and since muscle tissue contains more water than fat tissue, the total body water decreases with aging.

C. Increased total body water caused by increased fat mass is incorrect because fat tissue actually holds less water than muscle tissue. As fat mass increases, total body water typically decreases.

D. Decreased total body water caused by decreased fat mass is incorrect because fat tissue does not significantly contribute to total body water, and the loss of fat does not have a significant impact on water content in the body.

A. Dyspnea is the term used to describe the sensation of shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. It is the most appropriate term to document when a client reports feeling unable to get enough air.

B. Aspiration refers to the inhalation of food, liquid, or foreign material into the airway, which may lead to choking or aspiration pneumonia, not a sensation of shortness of breath.

C. Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood, which is not described in the client's report.

D. Orthopnea is shortness of breath that occurs when lying flat and is typically seen in conditions like heart failure. The client’s description does not specify that the symptoms occur while lying down.