After 6 months a patient came for a follow-up visit. He indicates that his blood sugars have been around 100 to 120 mg/dL, and he has been fully participating in the other aspects of his diabetes management plan. Which would lead you to believe that he has not been in tight control of his diabetes?
A random blood sugar of 150 mg/dL performed in the clinic
There is no method to determine whether or not he is in tight control
A reduced glycosylated hemoglobin level
An elevated glycosylated hemoglobin level
The Correct Answer is D
A. A random blood sugar of 150 mg/dL is within an acceptable range for someone with diabetes, though it may suggest some fluctuation in blood glucose levels. It does not definitively indicate poor control of diabetes.
B. There are multiple methods to determine if diabetes is under tight control, including blood glucose monitoring and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing.
C. A reduced glycosylated hemoglobin level would indicate that blood glucose levels have been well-controlled over the past few months, suggesting that the patient is in tight control.
D. An elevated glycosylated hemoglobin level indicates that the patient's average blood glucose levels have been higher than recommended over the past 2-3 months, suggesting poor control of diabetes despite the patient's reported blood sugar levels. HbA1c is a key indicator of long-term glucose control.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Cystine stones are rare and occur due to a genetic disorder called cystinuria. They are not the most common type of renal calculi.
B. Uric acid stones are also relatively common, especially in individuals with gout or those with high levels of uric acid in the urine. However, calcium oxalate is more common.
C. Calcium oxalate is the most common type of renal calculi, accounting for about 70-80% of kidney stones. These stones form when calcium combines with oxalate in the urine.
D. Struvite stones are associated with urinary tract infections caused by urease-producing bacteria. They are less common than calcium oxalate stones.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. While high blood glucose levels can affect nerve function, excessive glucose exposure does not specifically target the brain and spinal cord in a way that causes neuropathy.
B. Neuropathy in diabetes is not caused by the inability to provide glucose to the brain and spinal cord, but rather by the effects of high blood glucose levels on peripheral nerves.
C. Infection in the nerves is not the primary cause of diabetic neuropathy, although infection can occur in diabetic patients due to poor circulation and immune system impairment.
D. Chronic high blood glucose levels can cause thickening of blood vessels, leading to poor circulation (ischemia) that deprives nerves of oxygen and nutrients, ultimately causing nerve damage. This is the primary cause of diabetic neuropathy.
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