Which of the following is not an example of the main forces of future change in healthcare delivery service?

Rationale:

A. Obtaining patient's consent before treatment: Hospitals must adhere to legal and ethical standards by obtaining informed consent from patients before providing treatment or performing medical procedures.

B. Women are admitted to hospitals more often than men, but men incur longer stays: While this statement highlights a potential disparity, it does not directly address legal or ethical issues faced by hospitals.

C. Only a few hospitals in some major US cities: The scarcity of hospitals in certain areas is a concern but is not necessarily a legal or ethical issue hospitals face.

D. Discussion of alternatives: Hospitals have an ethical obligation to discuss treatment

alternatives with patients, ensuring they are fully informed and involved in decision-making about their care.

E. Patient's participation in decision making: Ethically, hospitals must respect patients' autonomy and involve them in decision-making processes regarding their healthcare.

A. Concurrent: Concurrent utilization review involves the ongoing monitoring of a patient's care and recovery while they are still receiving treatment. This type of review focuses on ensuring that the care provided is appropriate and that the patient is progressing as expected.

B. Preauthorization: Preauthorization involves obtaining approval from a health insurer before a service is provided to ensure it will be covered. It does not focus on monitoring a patient's recovery.

C. Retrospective: Retrospective review involves evaluating the care provided to a patient after the treatment has been completed. It looks at the appropriateness of care but does not monitor ongoing recovery.

D. Prospective: Prospective review involves evaluating the necessity of a treatment before it begins. It does not include ongoing monitoring of a patient's prognosis for recovery.