Which of the following nurses would tend to rely on formal, theoretical knowledge-based information when it comes to critical thinking and clinical reasoning?
Novice nurse
Expert nurse
Retired nurse
Clinical nurse
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: A novice nurse is more likely to rely on formal, theoretical knowledge because they have limited clinical experience. They often depend on established guidelines and protocols to guide their critical thinking and clinical reasoning.
Choice B reason: An expert nurse, with extensive clinical experience, is likely to integrate theoretical knowledge with practical experience. They use critical thinking and clinical reasoning that is informed by both their formal education and their experiential learning.
Choice C reason: A retired nurse may have once relied on formal knowledge but may not be currently practicing, and their skills could be outdated due to changes in practice standards and medical knowledge.
Choice D reason: A clinical nurse, depending on their level of experience, may rely on formal knowledge to varying degrees. However, without specifying the level of expertise, it is difficult to determine the extent of their reliance on theoretical knowledge.
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Correct Answer is ["B"]
Explanation
Choice A reason: Teaching materials are not typically considered a direct determinant of health care disparities. They are tools used in education and, while they can influence knowledge and awareness, they do not directly cause disparities in health care.
Choice B reason: Exposure to unhealthy and/or stressful conditions is a known determinant of health care disparities. These conditions can lead to poor health outcomes and are often unequally distributed among different populations, contributing to disparities.
Choice C reason: Health-damaging behavior that is a result of free choice can contribute to health care disparities. Behaviors such as smoking, poor diet, and lack of exercise can lead to health issues and are influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors.
Choice D reason: Natural genetic factors are determinants of health care disparities as they can predispose individuals to certain health conditions. However, the impact of genetics is often exacerbated by environmental and social factors.
Choice E reason: Motivation can influence health behaviors and outcomes, but it is not typically categorized as a determinant of health care disparities. Motivation is more of an individual characteristic that can affect how people manage their health.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
The Social Determinants Framework focuses on the social factors that contribute to health and well-being, such as socioeconomic status, education, and access to care. While important, it does not encompass the full range of determinants listed.
Choice B reason:
The Cultural Competency Model emphasizes the importance of understanding and respecting cultural differences in healthcare. It is crucial for effective communication and care but does not directly address the determinants mentioned.
Choice C reason:
The Social-Ecological Model includes multiple levels of influence on health, from individual behaviors to broader social and environmental factors. It recognizes the complex interplay between biology, genetics, behavior, and the environment in determining health outcomes.
Choice D reason:
The Donabedian's Quality Assessment Model is a framework for evaluating the quality of healthcare services, focusing on structure, process, and outcomes. It does not specifically address the range of health determinants in the context of population health.
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