All of the following are examples of avoidable and unacceptable health disparities except:

Choice A reason:

Improving the influence of public health nurses is important, but it is not the primary goal of population health. Nurses play a vital role in implementing health strategies, but the overarching goal is broader.

Choice B reason:

While maintaining or improving control over public health decisions is crucial, it serves as a means to an end. The end goal is to enhance the health status of the entire population.

Choice C reason:

Increasing the number of acute care hospital-based admissions is not a goal of population health. In fact, population health often aims to reduce these admissions by improving overall health and preventing illness.

Choice D reason:

Maintaining or improving the health status of the population is the primary goal of population health. This includes reducing health inequities and focusing on preventive care, early intervention, and effective chronic disease management¹³.

Choice A reason: Teaching materials are not typically considered a direct determinant of health care disparities. They are tools used in education and, while they can influence knowledge and awareness, they do not directly cause disparities in health care.

Choice B reason: Exposure to unhealthy and/or stressful conditions is a known determinant of health care disparities. These conditions can lead to poor health outcomes and are often unequally distributed among different populations, contributing to disparities.

Choice C reason: Health-damaging behavior that is a result of free choice can contribute to health care disparities. Behaviors such as smoking, poor diet, and lack of exercise can lead to health issues and are influenced by social, economic, and environmental factors.

Choice D reason: Natural genetic factors are determinants of health care disparities as they can predispose individuals to certain health conditions. However, the impact of genetics is often exacerbated by environmental and social factors.

Choice E reason: Motivation can influence health behaviors and outcomes, but it is not typically categorized as a determinant of health care disparities. Motivation is more of an individual characteristic that can affect how people manage their health.