Which of the following statements about Paget's disease is true?
It is a hereditary condition passed down through generations.
It is caused by vitamin D deficiency.
It primarily affects the hands and feet.
It is a rare condition with a prevalence of less than 1%.
The Correct Answer is A
Paget's disease has a genetic component, and there is evidence of familial inheritance. Individuals with a family history of Paget's disease are at a higher risk of developing the condition.
b. It is caused by vitamin D deficiency: Paget's disease is not caused by vitamin D deficiency. It is primarily a result of genetic factors leading to abnormal bone remodeling.
c. It primarily affects the hands and feet: Paget's disease can affect various bones in the body, not just the hands and feet. It commonly involves the pelvis, vertebrae, and ribs.
d. It is a rare condition with a prevalence of less than 1%: Paget's disease is not considered rare. It is relatively common, particularly in older adults, with a prevalence estimated to be around 1-3% in individuals over the age of 40.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
An elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level is a common finding in patients with Paget's disease. ALP is an enzyme present in bone cells, and its increased activity is indicative of increased bone turnover and remodeling seen in Paget's disease.
a. Serum calcium level: Serum calcium levels may be affected in Paget's disease due to abnormal bone remodeling, but they are not specific enough to confirm the diagnosis on their own.
b. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR): The ESR is a marker of inflammation and is not specific to Paget's disease. While it may be elevated due to bone inflammation, it does not confirm the diagnosis.
d. Serum creatinine level: Serum creatinine levels are not directly related to the diagnosis of Paget's disease. They are typically assessed to evaluate kidney function.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
The femur, which is the thigh bone, is often affected in Paget's disease. The condition commonly involves the axial skeleton, such as the skull, spine, and pelvis, as well as the long bones like the femur.
a. Humerus (arm bone): The humerus can be affected in Paget's disease, but it is not as commonly involved as the femur.
b. Radius (forearm bone): The radius can be affected in Paget's disease, but it is not as commonly involved as the femur.
d. Fibula (lower leg bone): The fibula can be affected in Paget's disease, but it is not as commonly involved as the femur.
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